Cell Wall and Protoplast Isoperoxidases in Tobacco Plants in Relation to Mechanical Injury and Infection with Tobacco Mosaic Virus

Birecka, H.; Catalfamo, James L.; Urban, Paul

doi:10.1104/pp.55.4.611

Cited by 39 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…It has been known that an increased synthesis of a large variety of proteins 6 to 18 hr after inoculation is one ofthe first expressions ofthe host resistance response induced by microbial metabolites (8,13 In most cases ethylene at the concentrations used had no effect on peroxidase activity either in healthy or diseased corn tissues, thus resembling in this respect previously investigated tobacco leaves and carrot roots (5,7). Within Graminaceae, C2H4 has been shown to enhance the enzyme in wheat (10) and to have no effect on it in barley leaves (16).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…The same isoperoxidases (IPs) which reacted to infection reacted also to mechanical injury. Such a similarity was also found between mechanically injured and tobacco mosaic virus-infected tobacco leaves (5). The similarities in the reaction to mechanical and viral or fungal injuries were observed not only in the distinctive IPs that increased in activity, but also in their distribution between cell protoplast and walls, thus supporting the assumption that the infection-induced peroxidase enhancement may result from a nonspecific response to injury.…”

supporting

confidence: 65%

“…No data are available for the activity of free IPs in the walls, including intercellular spaces, in corn. However, this enzyme fraction did not significantly increase in infected, wounded, or ethylene-treated tissues of other species (5,6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The latter was also observed in control tissues exposed to the 5,40, and 80 p1/1 on detached leaves of both inbreds were studied in three experiments. In two experiments, C2H4 did not affect peroxidase in any treatment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Corn Leaf Isoperoxidase Reaction to Mechanical Injury and Infection with Helminthosporium maydis

Birecka

Garraway²

1978

Plant Physiol.

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Mechanical injury or infection with Helmintosporium maydis race T or O en proxidase acti in leaves of two corn ibreds which differ in their susceptibility to the fungal race T. Increases in act were found in the soluble fraction extracted from tissues with 20 mm phosphate buffer (pH 6), and in the ionicafUy bound fraction extracted fromn wail debris with 0.6 to 1 M NaCa; the covalently bound wai peroxidase fractin was unaffected. Mechanical injury and infection with either race enhanced the same distinctive cathodic isoforms present in the soluble fraction or in both the soluble and lonicaUy bound fractons.During the firt 20 to 22 hours after ioculation no differences were found in the enzym enhancement in relaton either to the corn line or fungal race. During the second day, the weaker the infection symptom, the greater was the peroxidase encement. infected with the fungus. The same isoperoxidases (IPs) which reacted to infection reacted also to mechanical injury. Such a similarity was also found between mechanically injured and tobacco mosaic virus-infected tobacco leaves (5). The similarities in the reaction to mechanical and viral or fungal injuries were observed not only in the distinctive IPs that increased in activity, but also in their distribution between cell protoplast and walls, thus supporting the assumption that the infection-induced peroxidase enhancement may result from a nonspecific response to injury. Without eliminating the possibility of peroxidase contribution to the plant protection against a parasite, we postulated that the often observed relatively small increases in the enzyme activity in compatible hosts may be a consequence of metabolic disorders rather than the cause of a lower resistance. Vance et al. (23, 24) have recently reported that attempted penetration of Helminthosporwum avenae into leaf discs of a noncompatible host, reed canarygrass, was accompanied by an increase in peroxidase activity, in particular in the walls at the penetration sites, and in wall lignification. Exposure of the inoculated discs to cycloheximide solutions at 10 or 25 itg/ml for 18 hr resulted in inhibition of peroxidase enhancement and lignin formation and in penetration of the fungus into the leaf tissue. The authors have suggested that the resistance mechanism involves an induction of cathodic IPs in the challenged tissue.This report represents a continuation of previous studies on the Funk corn N inbred and its male sterile counterpart and deals with the IP reaction to two H. maydis races, T and 0, differing from each other in the production of the host-specific T toxin. The great compatibility between the Tms inbred and the fungal race T is thought to be due to the susceptibility of the host organelle membranes to the T toxin (2, 19). Both Tms and N inbreds exhibit a low susceptibility to the race 0, nonproducer of the toxin. Special attention has been paid to the effect of cycloheximide on peroxidase enhancement induced by mechanical injury and infection. In view of the implication of et...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

supporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Corn Leaf Isoperoxidase Reaction to Mechanical Injury and Infection with Helminthosporium maydis

Birecka

Garraway²

1978

Plant Physiol.

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“…shown recently that the reaction of tobacco leaf peroxidase to cutting injury did not differ from that to tobacco mosaic virus infection in respect to the qualitative isoperoxidase patterns in the protoplast and cell wall-free or ionically and covalently bound fractions (4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Wall and Protoplast Isoperoxidases of Corn Leaves in Relation to Cut Injury and Infection with Helminthosporium maydis

1975

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The nature of the involvement of peroxidases in plant resistance to fungal, bacterial, and viral diseases has been extensively investigated (7,13,18,22,28,30). However, the emphasis has been on soluble peroxidases, separated from tissue homogenates by centrifugation, and the cell wall-bound components have usually been disregarded. Since parasitic microorganisms are in intimate association with host cell walls at entry, at the establishment of the host-parasite relationship, and during spread in the host tissues, cell wall peroxidase fractions may be specifically involved in the plant-response to the parasite.In previously reported research on tobacco pith and sweet potato root parenchyma (5), significant differences were found between cell wall and protoplast peroxidases in their isoenzyme patterns, activity, and reaction to mechanical injury. It has been University, Columbus, Ohio 43210shown recently that the reaction of tobacco leaf peroxidase to cutting injury did not differ from that to tobacco mosaic virus infection in respect to the qualitative isoperoxidase patterns in the protoplast and cell wall-free or ionically and covalently bound fractions (4).This report deals with the reaction of corn leaf peroxidase to cutting injury and to infection with the fungus Helminthosporium maydis. Funk inbred lines with normal and Texas male-sterile cytoplasm were used. In a previous investigation (10), the Tms' cytoplasm inbred showed greater susceptibility to the fungus than did the N cytoplasm inbred; this was also reflected in a greater electrolyte and peroxidase leakage from the infected leaves. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe plants were grown in vermiculite on a 4-fold diluted Hoagland's solution in a growth chamber at 28 C and 16-hr daily photoperiod (1200 ft-c). At the four leaf stage, the laminae of the second and third leaves were detached and immediately weighed, stapled to a sheet of Whatman No. 3 filter paper, and cut into 8-mm segments or sprayed with a H. maydis race T spore suspension (20,000-30,000/ml) in H,O containing 0.1 % Tween 40. The suspension was prepared from cultures incubated on a glucose-L-asparagine agar medium for 12 to 14 days at 28 C. Intact (control) and cut laminae were sprayed with water containing 0.1% Tween 40. Six laminae from three plants were used in each of three replications per treatment. The laminae were incubated in the dark in a water vaporsaturated atmosphere for 16 and 40 hr. At the end of incubation, the infected laminae of the N and Tms cytoplasm inbreds had oblong lesions 1 to 2 and 3 to 4 mm long, respectively. The Tms inbred showed also slight chlorosis and some flaccidity.Immediately after sampling, the tissue was frozen and kept in a deep freeze. Unfortunately, attempts to isolate free peroxidase from cell walls before freezing by vacuum-infiltration, followed by centrifugation, were not successful. Therefore, the protoplast peroxidase fraction was separated together with the free fraction in the cell wall.Procedures related to peroxidase isolation were similar ...

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Temporal and spatial assessment of defense responses in resistant and susceptible cabbage varieties during infection with Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris

Gay

Tuzun

2000

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology

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Cell Wall and Protoplast Isoperoxidases in Tobacco Plants in Relation to Mechanical Injury and Infection with Tobacco Mosaic Virus

Cited by 39 publications

References 29 publications

Corn Leaf Isoperoxidase Reaction to Mechanical Injury and Infection with Helminthosporium maydis

Corn Leaf Isoperoxidase Reaction to Mechanical Injury and Infection with Helminthosporium maydis

Cell Wall and Protoplast Isoperoxidases of Corn Leaves in Relation to Cut Injury and Infection with Helminthosporium maydis

Temporal and spatial assessment of defense responses in resistant and susceptible cabbage varieties during infection with Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris

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