Cell type-specific responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to silver nanoparticles

Assessing nanoparticle toxicity in cell-based assays: influence of cell culture parameters and optimized models for bridging the in vitro–in vivo gap

“…First, the degree of association between the NP and the cell membrane is known to be crucial as it influences NP uptake levels 161 . The physiological function of the cell also appears to be important with regard to NP uptake, as for example macrophages and monocytes mostly show higher uptake and are therefore more susceptible to nanotoxicity, which can be linked to the phagocytotic uptake mechanism and the capacity to clear xenobiotics from the body 154,155,162 . Another factor determining the differential sensitivity to nanotoxicity in various cell lines is the variation in proliferative capacity.…”

The splenocyte proliferative response and cytokine secretion in mice after 28-day oral administration of silver nanocolloid

“…It is not easy to discuss this finding because the only reports available in the world literature on the effect of AgNPs on proliferation of immunocompetent cells concern in vitro studies, and their results are divergent. In a study of Shin et al (2007), concentrations of AgNPs from 10 ppm limited the proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by PHA, whereas in an experiment reported by Greulich et al (2011) silver nanoparticles had no impact on the proliferation of human T cells exposed to ConA, although they were tested in higher concentrations (5-30 μg/ml). On the other hand, in the authors' previous experiment conducted to test the same colloid administered into the alimentary tract of NMRI mice, in the same doses but for shorter lengths of time (7 and 14 days), silver nanoparticles were found to have produced diverse effects on the proliferation of splenocytes depending on the dose and duration of the administration.…”

The in vitro effect of commercially available noble metal nanocolloids on the splenocyte proliferative response and cytokine production in mice

“…There are, however, very few investigations on the effect of noble metal NPs (mainly silver) on viability of primary cultures of lymphocytes. In a report of Shin et al (2007), high concentrations of AgNPs (15-30 ppm) were toxic to the mixed culture of mononuclear cells isolated from human peripheral blood, while Greulich et al (2011) demonstrated that the influence of AgNPs (5-30 μg/ml) mainly depended on the type of cells: T lymphocytes were not sensitive to the toxic effect of silver but monocytes became less viable (from the concentration of 25 μg/ml). In the present study, about 95% of the isolated cells represented non-adherent cells (lymphocytes), while only the remaining 5% was composed of adherent (phagocytic) cells, and silver nanoparticles proved to be highly toxic to this mixed culture of splenocytes (concentrations from 1.25 ppm).…”

“…At the same time, numerous studies using monocyte/macrophage cell lines imply that metallic NPs can be toxic to phagocytic cells via induction of ROS and apoptosis or necrosis (Foldbjerg et al 2009, Yen et al 2009, Park et al 2010b, Greulich et al 2011, Park et al 2011, Marttnez-Gutierrez et al 2012). There are, however, very few investigations on the effect of noble metal NPs (mainly silver) on viability of primary cultures of lymphocytes.…”

“…References dealing with this issue are also extremely scanty and discuss only silver nanoparticles. For example, Greulich et al (2011) concluded that AgNPs (5-30 μg/ml) did not produce any effect on proliferation of human T cells exposed to ConA. In contrast, Shin et al (2007) recorded a decline in proliferation of human PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) stimulated with PHA in the presence of high concentrations of nanosilver (from 10 ppm), and the concentrations which inhibited proliferation were simultaneously the ones that depressed viability of cells, a finding which corresponds with the results of the present experiment.…”