Cell-type Specific Learning of Attentional Gating in Primate Striatum

Abstract

Cognitive flexibility depends on a fast neural learning mechanism for enhancing momentary relevant over irrelevant information. A possible neural mechanism realizing this enhancement uses fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs) in the striatum to train striatal projection neurons to gate relevant and suppress distracting cortical inputs. We found support for such a mechanism in nonhuman primates during the flexible adjustment of visual attention. FSIs gated visual attention cues during feature-based learning. One FSI population showed stronger inhibition during learning, while another FSI subpopulation showed weaker inhibition after learning signifying post-learning disinhibition.Additionally, a smaller neural subpopulation increased activity when salient distractor events were successfully suppressed. These findings highlight that fast behavioral learning of feature relevance is accompanied by fast neural learning of cell-type specific corticostriatal gating.Adaptive behavior depends on neural mechanisms that learn which objects in our environment have value and are relevant to achieve our goals. Knowing the value of objects is essential to not