Cell-to-Module Simulation Analysis for Optimizing the Efficiency and Power of the Photovoltaic Module

Abstract

A 60-cell photovoltaic (PV) module was analyzed by optimizing the interconnection parameters of the solar cells to enhance the efficiency and increase the power of the PV module setup. The cell-to-module (CTM) losses and gains varied substantially during the various simulation iterations. Optimization was performed to inspect and augment the gain and loss parameters for the 60-cell PV module. The power and efficiency of the module were improved by refining several parameters, such as number of busbars, size of the contact pads, interconnected ribbon width, thickness of the core, and distance between the solar cells and strings, to obtain the maximum efficiency of 21.09%; the CTM efficiency achieved was 94.19% for the proposed strategy related to the common interconnection setup of the ribbon-based system. The CTM efficiency was improved by optimizing the geometrical, optical, and electrical parameters precisely, the power enhancement was up to 325.3 W, and a CTM power of 99.1% was achieved from a standard PV module with rectangular ribbon interconnections.

Prediction of Power Output from a Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Module with Repaired Cell-in-Hotspots

“…The CTM coefficient k-factor calculation method was used to analyze the power of the original cell of the target samples and review the replacement cell. Manufacturing modules from cells, models, and formulas for classifying the CTM coefficient k-factor, which affects efficiency or power, and analyzing loss or acquisition mechanisms have been presented in previous research [41,42]. If the dimension data and rated power of a module released by the module manufacturer are the initial power outputs of the module, the module efficiency is calculated to be 13.6%.…”

“…If the dimension data and rated power of a module released by the module manufacturer are the initial power outputs of the module, the module efficiency is calculated to be 13.6%. Because the module power output is calculated from the sum of the CTM coefficient k factor and the initial solar cell power in the module power output calculation model, the power output of the module can be calculated using Equations ( 1) and (2) [41,43]. The factors i and m in Equations ( 1) and ( 2) are variables of the routinely used pie function, and refer to the extension of the CTM factor.…”

“…In terms of module efficiency, factors affecting the entire area of a gap module between modules are important; however, when a module is produced from a cell, a design margin (k 1 ) to ensure an electrical insulation distance and a loss factor (k 2 ) owing to the cell interval are not related to a power change. The module efficiency can be expressed by Equations ( 3) and (4) [41].…”

Yarım ve tam fotovoltaik hücreleri ile tasarlanan güneş enerjisi panellerinin toplam verimliliğini etkileyen parametrelerinin incelenmesi

“…Bu teknoloji direnç kayıplarına neden olan akımı yarıya indirmektedir. Ayrıca yarım hücreli modüllerdeki ek hücre boşlukları ışık toplanmasını iyileştirerek optik kazancın artmasını sağlamaktadır [22,23]. Mittag vd.…”

Extrapolating CIGS Module Performance From Laboratory Cell Performance Using IEC61853 Standard Reference Climatic Profiles

“…To verify cell performance in terms of expected yield on module level, a first step is to extrapolate module performance from cell performance. Yousuf et al [12] developed a method to extrapolate module from cell performance in case of Si-based PV modules. For Si-based technologies, cell-to-module losses arise mainly due to resistive losses caused by the cell-to-cell interconnection [13].…”