Cell Therapy for Neurological Disorders: The Perspective of Promising Cells

Abstract

Neurological disorders are big public health challenges that are afflicting hundreds of millions of people around the world. Although many conventional pharmacological therapies have been tested in patients, their therapeutic efficacies to alleviate their symptoms and slow down the course of the diseases are usually limited. Cell therapy has attracted the interest of many researchers in the last several decades and has brought new hope for treating neurological disorders. Moreover, numerous studies have shown promising results. However, none of the studies has led to a promising therapy for patients with neurological disorders, despite the ongoing and completed clinical trials. There are many factors that may affect the outcome of cell therapy for neurological disorders due to the complexity of the nervous system, especially cell types for transplantation and the specific disease for treatment. This paper provides a review of the various cell types from humans that may be clinically used for neurological disorders, based on their characteristics and current progress in related studies.

Magnetic Nanobubble Mechanical Stress Induces the Piezo1‐Ca2+‐BMP2/Smad Pathway to Modulate Neural Stem Cell Fate and MRI/Ultrasound Dual Imaging Surveillance for Ischemic Stroke

“…NSCs have been used to treat various nervous system diseases, including Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injury, stroke, and other CNS-related disorders and injuries in both animal and clinical studies. [3,[5][6][7]45] However, an insufficient ability to track stem cell migration in vivo as well as poor control over NSC survival and differentiation are two major critical challenges limiting the development of therapies. In recent years, nanostructured biomaterial-based biological and physical modulation has been used to solve the afore mentioned problems.…”

“…Further immunofluorescence staining and quantitative analysis of the presynaptic marker synaptophysin and the postsynaptic marker antipostsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD 95) (30,45, and 60 mW cm −2 ) and different exposure times (5, 10, 20, and 30 min). c) Immunofluorescence staining images of NSCs on the day 7 with different LIPUS exposure conditions by a single stimulation.…”

“…a) Schematic of the protocol for LIPUS treatment. b) Cell viability under a 100 Hz pulse frequency with different ultrasound intensities(30,45, and 60 mW cm −2 ) and different exposure times (5, 10, 20, and 30 min). c) Immunofluorescence staining images of NSCs on the day 7 with different LIPUS exposure conditions by a single stimulation.…”

Conversion of Human Fibroblasts into Induced Neural Stem Cells by Small Molecules

“…Recent advances in understanding of neural stem cells (NSCs) biology promise novel treatments of neurodegenerative diseases and other neurological disorders [18]. Although it is hard to obtain bona fide human NSCs, cell reprogramming has provided an opportunity to generate desired cells from other somatic cells.…”

Dynamic MRI of the Mesenchymal Stem Cells Distribution during Intravenous Transplantation in a Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke

“…Stem cell-based therapy is the promising strategy for the treatment of many neurological disorders, including ischemic stroke [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. With regard to safety and bioethical issues, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are among the most relevant candidates for translational research and implementation into clinical practice [ 4 ].…”