Cell therapy and the safety of embryonic stem cell-derived grafts

Hentze, Hannes; Graichen, Ralph; Colman, Alan

doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2006.10.010

Cited by 179 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…These unknowns represent important areas of future research. CNS=central nervous system; hES=human embryonic stem; iPS = induced pluripotent stem cells potential for tumorigenesis [210]. In particular, human embryonic stem cell-based therapies might give rise to teratomas, growing from persistent undifferentiated ES cells in the graft [211], or neuroepithelial tumors arising from incompletely differentiated neural cells [212].…”

Section: Embryonic Stem and Induced Pluripotential Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis

Ben‐Hur

2011

Neurotherapeutics

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The spontaneous recovery observed in the early stages of multiple sclerosis (MS) is substituted with a later progressive course and failure of endogenous processes of repair and remyelination. Although this is the basic rationale for cell therapy, it is not clear yet to what degree the MS brain is amenable for repair and whether cell therapy has an advantage in comparison to other strategies to enhance endogenous remyelination. Central to the promise of stem cell therapy is the therapeutic plasticity, by which neural precursors can replace damaged oligodendrocytes and myelin, and also effectively attenuate the autoimmune process in a local, nonsystemic manner to protect brain cells from further injury, as well as facilitate the intrinsic capacity of the brain for recovery. These fundamental immunomodulatory and neurotrophic properties are shared by stem cells of different sources. By using different routes of delivery, cells may target both affected white matter tracts and the perivascular niche where the trafficking of immune cells occur. It is unclear yet whether the therapeutic properties of transplanted cells are maintained with the duration of time. The application of neural stem cell therapy (derived from fetal brain or from human embryonic stem cells) will be realized once their purification, mass generation, and safety are guaranteed. However, previous clinical experience with bone marrow stromal (mesenchymal) stem cells and the relative easy expansion of autologous cells have opened the way to their experimental application in MS. An initial clinical trial has established the probable safety of their intravenous and intrathecal delivery. Short-term follow-up observed immunomodulatory effects and clinical benefit justifying further clinical trials.

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Section: Embryonic Stem and Induced Pluripotential Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis

Ben‐Hur

2011

Neurotherapeutics

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“…Other factors like dosage of cells, frequency of transplantation and age of the patient may also contribute. Fetal stem cells are known to be potentially tumorigenic [91]. Use of umbilical cord stem cells is limited due to slow or incomplete immune reconstitution, resulting in a high transplantation-related mortality (TRM) due to infections.…”

Section: Adverse Events Of Stem Cell Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem Cell Therapy in Pediatric Neurological Disabilities

Sharma¹,

Sane²,

Gokulchandran³

et al. 2017

Physical Disabilities - Therapeutic Implications

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Pediatric neurological disorders represent a major part of the disabilities worldwide. In over 10 decades of research to find a cure for these disorders, medical science has not been able to repair the underlying brain injury. This chapter focuses on recent advances in the application of stem cells as a therapeutic tool for some of the common neurodevelopmental disorders (cerebral palsy, autism, intellectual disability and muscular dystrophy). The mechanism of action of stem cells in each disorder has been explained. A review of clinical data has been described giving a clear understanding of current status of stem cell therapy in these disorders. Various factors influencing the outcome of stem cell therapy such as different types of cells, different routes of administration and dosage and frequency of transplantation have also been discussed. Our experience of treating these disorders is exhibited in the form of our published data. Use of novel monitoring tools such as MRI MSK and PET-CT scan brain to track the changes occurring at cellular level after stem cell therapy are described. We also highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach of combining rehabilitation with stem cell therapy.

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“…As suggested for ES cell derivatives, iPS-derived cells processed for transplantation should be screened for any undifferentiated cells that remained in the graft. To eliminate undifferentiated iPS cells, FACS depletion of contaminating Oct4-positive cells (see Cantz et al, 2008) or the use of cytotoxic antibodies that identify and destroy undifferentiated cells expressing specific embryonic cell surface antigens may be applied (for review, see Hentze et al, 2007). In principle, it is believed that these problems may Unauthenticated Download Date | 5/12/18 11:10 PM Zhou et al (2009).…”

Section: Requirement ࠻2: Eliminating the Risks Of Tumour Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced human pluripotent stem cells: promises and open questions

Rolletschek¹,

Wobus

2009

BCHM

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Adult cells have been reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells by introducing pluripotencyassociated transcription factors. Here, we discuss recent advances and challenges of in vitro reprogramming and future prospects of iPS cells for their use in diagnosis and cell therapy. The generation of patient-specific iPS cells for clinical application requires alternative strategies, because genome-integrating viral vectors may cause insertional mutagenesis. Moreover, when suitable iPS cell lines will be available, efficient and selective differentiation protocols are needed to generate transplantable grafts. Finally, we point to the requirement of a regulatory framework necessary for the commercial use of iPS cells.

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Cell therapy and the safety of embryonic stem cell-derived grafts

Cited by 179 publications

References 96 publications

Cell Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis

Cell Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis

Stem Cell Therapy in Pediatric Neurological Disabilities

Induced human pluripotent stem cells: promises and open questions

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