Cell Suspension Culture and In Vitro Screening for Drought Tolerance in Soybean Using Poly-Ethylene Glycol

Abstract

Soybean (Glycine max (L) Merrill) is used in India mostly as a substantial fund of protein and oil, which makes the crop significantly important. Somaclonal variation has been researched as a base of additional variability for drought in soybean. In the present experiment calli/cell clumps/embryoids rose from immature and mature embryonic axis and cotyledons explants were exposed to different concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG6000). A discontinuous method proved to be superior as it permitted the calli/embryoids/cell clumps to regain their regeneration competence. A total of 64 (12.21%) plantlets of genotype JS335 and 78 (13.13%) of genotype JS93-05 were regenerated after four consequent subcultures on the selection medium with an effective lethal concentration of 20% PEG6000, and proliferated calli/embryoids/cell clumps were further subcultured on Murashige and Skoog regeneration medium supplemented with 0.5 mgL−1 each of α-napthalene acetic acid (NAA), 6-benzyladenine (BA) and Kinetin (Kn), 20.0 gL−1 sucrose and 7.5 gL−1 agar. Putative drought-tolerant plantlets were acquired from genotype JS93-05 (38) in more numbers compared to genotype JS335 (26). Random decamer primers confirmed the presence of variability between mother plants and regenerated plants from both the genotypes. Since these plantlets recovered from tolerant calli/embryoids/cell clumps selected from the medium supplemented with PEG6000, the possibility exists that these plants may prove to be tolerant against drought stress.

In Vitro Production of Somaclones with Decreased Erucic Acid Content in Indian Mustard [Brassica juncea (Linn.) Czern&Coss]

“…The present results align with the earlier observations of Akmal et al [ 32 ], who also documented globular and heart-shaped embryoid development in a liquid medium. Liquid medium supplemented with 3.0 mg L −1 2,4-D in combination with 0.5 mg L −1 6-Benzylaminopurine(BAP) facilitated higher growth rates ( Table 3 ), this is in accordance with the reports of Mishra et al [ 25 ] for soybean, Shyam et al [ 31 ] for Indian mustard, Uikey et al [ 36 ] for Rauwolfia serpentina , and Tripathi et al [ 37 ] for sandalwood cell suspension cultures, as they recorded the highest growth rate of embryogenic tissues with the application of 2.0–3.0 mg L −1 2,4-D in combination with 0.5 mg L −1 BAP.…”

“…Subsequently, the reports of Alam et al [34] and Nasrin et al [35] were in agreement with the present investigation that the nature and color of callus were significantly influenced by concentrations of exogenous levels of 2,4-D. Similar results have also been obtained by Mishra et al [25] in soybean. Embryogenic calli were transferred to liquid media and were agitated mechanically to obtain cell clumps or embryoids.…”

“…Consequently, primer OPM-13 amplified a polymorphic band (~350 bp) with a putative somaclone plant selected from PM30; however, the absence of this polymorphic band in the donor genotype confirms the presence of variability between the somaclones and mother plants (Figure 5b). Similarly, applications of RAPD markers for the same purposes have been reported by other researchers [25,45] also. It has been proven that erucic acid content is governed by the fatty acid elongase 1 (FAE1) gene that translates the enzyme β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS) in erucic acid biosynthesis alleyway and catalyzes the first four enzymatic reactions in the synthesis of very-long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids (VLCMFAs) [1,2,[46][47][48].…”

“…Nevertheless, except for a few, the contribution of in vitro selection in conjunction with somaclonal variation procedures in the breeding program in Brassica juncea is narrow [16], especially for erucic acid. Nonetheless, encouraging reports have been evidenced in wheat and barley [21], soybean [22][23][24][25], groundnut [26][27][28], onion [29], and Withania somnifera [30] with variable degrees of successes.…”

Morphological and Physiological Performance of Indian Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] Genotypes in Respect to Drought

“…Drought is a significant destructive issue that influences each and every phases of plant growth and development. Soybean is a species susceptible to a number of abiotic factors (Van Heerden and Krüger, 2000;Mishra et al 2021), in comparison to other legumes, for instance Vigna unguiculata and Phaseolus vulgaris (Roy-Macauley et al 1992;Silveira et al 2003;Sepanlo et al 2014;Kachare et al 2019), in addition to others crop species as cotton, sorghum (Younis et al 2000) and chickpea (Talebi et al 2013;Gupta et al 2021;Shahu et al 2020). Drought stress, which habitually transpires at pod filling periods, found momentous yield hammerings, up to 40% in a year and it depreciates the seed superiority of soybean (Jaleel et al 2009;Manavalan et al 2009).…”