Cell studies of hybridized carbon nanofibers containing bioactive glass nanoparticles using bone mesenchymal stromal cells

Abstract

Bone regeneration required suitable scaffolding materials to support the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone-related cells. In this study, a kind of hybridized nanofibrous scaffold material (CNF/BG) was prepared by incorporating bioactive glass (BG) nanoparticles into carbon nanofibers (CNF) via the combination of BG sol-gel and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) electrospinning, followed by carbonization. Three types (49 s, 68 s and 86 s) of BG nanoparticles were incorporated. To understand the mechanism of CNF/BG hybrids exerting osteogenic effects, bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) were cultured directly on these hybrids (contact culture) or cultured in transwell chambers in the presence of these materials (non-contact culture). The contributions of ion release and contact effect on cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation were able to be correlated. It was found that the ionic dissolution products had limited effect on cell proliferation, while they were able to enhance osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in comparison with pure CNF. Differently, the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation were both significantly promoted in the contact culture. In both cases, CNF/BG(68 s) showed the strongest ability in influencing cell behaviors due to its fastest release rate of soluble silicium-relating ions. The synergistic effect of CNF and BG would make CNF/BG hybrids promising substrates for bone repairing.

Electrospun nanofibers for bone regeneration: from biomimetic composition, structure to function

“…63 Yang and co-workers incorporated BS nanoparticles into PAN electrospun nanofibers and then obtained hybrid carbon nanofibers after carbonization. 64 It was found that the ionic dissolution products could improve the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. The synergistic effect of BG and CNF also produced a superior ability to influence cell behaviors.…”

“…The synergistic effect of BG and CNF also produced a superior ability to influence cell behaviors. 64…”

Mechanobiology-informed biomaterial and tissue engineering strategies for influencing skeletal stem and progenitor cell fate

“…This suggests that the collagen nanofibers found in trabecular bone serve the same effect on the mechanobiology of SSPCs. These results have been extensively replicated with nanofibrous surfaces also created from chitosan, poly- L -lactic acid, carbon nanotubules, and other biomaterials where a similar upregulation of Runx2 activity is observed, which promotes alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin expression as biomarkers of osteogenesis and bone maturation ( Ho et al, 2015 ; Zhang et al, 2016 ; Das et al, 2018 ; Yu et al, 2020 ). There is overwhelming evidence in the literature to suggest that fibrous, and particularly nanofibrous, biomaterials with high surface areas are crucial to SSPC adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation to facilitate osteogenesis ( Figure 4 ); therefore, smooth biomaterial constructs should probably be avoided for skeletal tissue regeneration.…”

Improvement of the mechanical and biological properties of bioactive glasses by the addition of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) as a synthetic bone graft substitute

“…Briefly, total of 75 mg of glass was immersed in 50 ml of Tris–HCl buffer solution (TBS; pH 7.30) for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 14 days in an orbital shaker at 37°C. To mimic the human body condition, the immersion solution was renewed at every measuring time point 70,71 . Each 50 ml solution was sucked from the container and the solution was filtered (DISMIC 25CS, Advantec, Osaka, Japan).…”

“…To mimic the human body condition, the immersion solution was renewed at every measuring time point. 70,71 Each 50 ml solution was sucked from the container and the solution was filtered (DISMIC 25CS, Advantec, Osaka, Japan). At the same time, fresh TBS was renewed into keep the total volume constant.…”