Cell Structure in Tree Rings: Novel Methods for Preparation and Image Analysis of Large Cross Sections

Spiecker, Heinrich; Schinker, M. G.; Hansen, Jörg; Park, Young-In; Ebding, T.; Döll, W.

doi:10.1163/22941932-90000253

Cited by 44 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…From each tree a stem disc at a height of 1.3 m from the ground was removed and analysed in the laboratory. The surface of all cross sections was prepared with a diamond fly cutter (Spiecker et al 2000) and four radii per sample were measured for tree-ring width and wood density.…”

Section: Sampling and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the context of predictions of a warmer and dryer climate in the future, wood quality becomes a crucial issue. With increased nitrogen deposition and more CO 2 in the atmosphere an increase in the radial growth of trees is expected (Becker et al 1995;Spiecker et al 1996;Kahle et al 2008). However, wider tree-rings do not necessarily imply a higher or lower density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variability of European beech wood density as influenced by interactions between tree-ring growth and aspect

2016

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Background: Wood density is considered to be the most important predictor of wood quality but despite its importance, diffuse-porous tree species have been the subject of only a limited number of studies. The importance of European beech forests for Central Europe calls for profound research to examine the potential impact of a warmer climate on the quality of beech timber. Methods:In this study we analysed the influence of tree-ring width and tree-ring age on the wood density of beech, and whether the wood density response to these two parameters is modified by aspect. A linear mixed-effects model for wood density was constructed for mean density data measured with high frequency densitometry on stem discs from 72 beech trees sampled from two different aspects (northeast -NE and southwest -SW) of a valley in southwestern Germany.Results: Part of the variability of mean annual wood density was explained by cambial age: an increase in cambial age resulted in an increase in mean wood density. Tree-ring width and aspect had only a small influence on wood density. Wood density on the SW aspect was lower than on the NE with a difference of approximately 0.006 g/cm 3 . The between-tree variability was very high.Conclusions: The significant interaction between cambial age and aspect reflects the importance of site conditions at older tree ages: with increasing cambial age the difference between aspects becomes stronger. Our results give a better understanding of the importance of site conditions on the wood quality of beech.

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Section: Sampling and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of European beech wood density as influenced by interactions between tree-ring growth and aspect

2016

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“…Improved wood surface preparation and technological advancements in image acquisition and analysis allow partly automated, quicker and cheaper ways for cell measurements (e.g., Jagel and Telewski 1990;Sass and Eckstein 1995;Park and Telewski 1993;Evans et al 1995;Munro et al 1996;Spiecker et al 2000). This increase in efficiency makes the study of wood anatomical features more attractive, but whether and to what extent the accuracy of the survey is hampered with these new techniques still remains unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expeditious building of ring-porous earlywood vessel chronologies without loosing signal information

Fonti

Eilmann

García‐González

et al. 2009

Trees

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Chronologies of earlywood vessel size of ringporous trees contain valuable ecological information, but long preparation procedures limit their application in ecological studies. Recent and fast techniques for wood surface preparation combined with automated image analysis are reducing the work needed to build chronologies, but might also entail measurement inaccuracy. In this study, we aim to evaluate the effect of a possible efficiency-accuracy trade-off on ecological signal strength. To this end, we compare measurements of mean vessel area from two recent and fast procedures carried out on sanded wood surfaces with a reference procedure based on an accurate survey from thin sections. Measurements were performed on increment cores of 15 sessile oaks (Quercus petraea (Mattuschka) Liebl.) for the period 1956-2006. Dissimilarities in results with the reference procedure were quantified and evaluated. Our data show that the workload can be reduced by more than 20-fold when using the highly automated procedure. Signal weakening caused by measurement errors is negligible for vessels [6,000 lm 2 and can be easily compensated by increasing the sample size. Manual correction of misrecognized vessels hardly reduced this error further. The new procedures constitute a major step towards an efficient and accurate analysis of earlywood vessel chronologies of ring-porous tree species.

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“…After six weeks, eight radii along eight directions of the discs were cut into bars containing the complete section from pith to bark. The surface was prepared with a diamond fly cutter (Spiecker et al 2000). This technique prevents residues from sanding procedures from penetrating into cell lumina, which otherwise would distort the density measurements.…”

Section: Sampling and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure alignment of wood density profiles: an approach to equalize radial differences in growth rate

Bender¹,

Mann

Backofen³

et al. 2012

Trees

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We studied intra-annual wood density profiles of Douglas-fir tree rings (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) in southwestern Germany. Growth rate varies differently over time throughout the circumference of trees. This leads to differences in wood formation, which can be observed in the shape of the density profiles of the same tree ring measured in different radial directions. Due to this spatial variation in density profiles, we need a reliable method to determine an average profile, which preserves the common characteristics of the data. To this end, we developed a multiple interval-based curve alignment (MICA) procedure. It identifies characteristic points within the profiles such as minima, maxima and inflection points. These reference points are shifted gradually against each other within a proportionally defined base line interval. Using our progressive alignment approach, we are able to calculate an average profile that represents very well the characteristics of all measured curves of a specific tree ring. We applied the procedure to get year-specific average profiles using various trees. This results in representative mean density profiles that preserves the density variations common to all aligned profiles. Individual noise is reduced thereby enabling the analysis of the impact of weather variations on wood density.

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Cell Structure in Tree Rings: Novel Methods for Preparation and Image Analysis of Large Cross Sections

Cited by 44 publications

References 12 publications

Variability of European beech wood density as influenced by interactions between tree-ring growth and aspect

Variability of European beech wood density as influenced by interactions between tree-ring growth and aspect

Expeditious building of ring-porous earlywood vessel chronologies without loosing signal information

Microstructure alignment of wood density profiles: an approach to equalize radial differences in growth rate

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