Cell sheet tissue engineering: Cell sheet preparation, harvesting/manipulation, and transplantation

Abstract

Cell sheet tissue engineering is a concept for creating transplantable two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) tissues and organs. This review describes three elements of cell sheet tissue engineering in terms of the chemical and physical effects of material surfaces and the interfacial properties of cell sheets: preparation, harvesting/manipulation and transplantation of cell sheets. An essential technology for the preparation of cell sheets is the use of a temperature‐responsive cell culture surface, where the surface of tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) dish is modified with thin layer of temperature‐responsive polymer, poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm). PIPAAm‐immobilized TCPS allows cultured cells to be harvested as a contiguous cell sheet with extracellular matrices (ECMs) by reducing the temperature, while chemical and physical disruption impair ECMs, cell–cell junction, and membrane proteins. Ligand‐immobilized and porous hydrophilic PIPAAm‐grafted surfaces are able to accelerate cell sheet preparation and harvesting, respectively. In addition, the manipulation of harvested cell sheets with the aid of cell sheet manipulator facilitates the formation of 3D tissues. Cell sheet‐based tissues and their transplantation are in seven clinical settings such as heart, cornea, esophagus, periodontal, middle chamber of ear, knee cartilage, and lung. In order to create thick and large 3D tissues and organs, large production of differentiated parenchymal cells from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and vascularization within 3D tissues are key issues. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 955–967, 2019.

Polypropylene mesh for hernia repair with controllable cell adhesion/de-adhesion properties

“…Two possible explanations for such adhesion-and de-adhesion mechanisms have been reported in the literature. [28][29][30]37,41 It is well-known that ether groups are effective at repelling cells and proteins 42 and, as shown above by XPS ( Fig. 5), new C-O-C groups appeared as a result of the bond created by the grafting reaction between the hydroxyl groups on the plasma treated mesh surface and the NIPAAm monomer.…”

“…On the other hand, the biocompatibility of the PNIPAAm hydrogel has been widely demonstrated 12 and, additionally, some authors investigated the ability of PNIPAAm to control cell adhesion. 19,[28][29][30][31] For example, Okano et al 19 reported that the PNIPAAm-grafted solid surfaces have an inherent hydrophilic-hydrophobic switch induced by temperature variation, which was used to control the detachment of the cultured cells. Nowadays, scientific interest has moved towards more complex substrates, with 2D and 3D-geometries, like gel fibres, cell sheets, and patterned substrates.…”

Recent progress in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac cell sheets for tissue engineering

“…Until now, we have published many reviews to introduce our work on both basic research and clinical application of cell sheet-based tissue engineering (31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41). In this review, we mainly focus on our recent progresses relevant to hiPSCs.…”

Advanced Bottom‐Up Engineering of Living Architectures

“…Thermally expandable hydrogel sheets or multilayered coatings are being explored as an alternative to this technology that facilitate transfer and stamping of cell sheets with spatially controlled cell adhesion . Other sophisticated harvesting systems have been developed over the years exploring different cell‐friendly stimuli, including electroactive substrates, pH‐responsive coatings, and photoactivatable surfaces, that change their wettability on‐demand . In this context, hematoporphyrin‐containing films for light‐induced cell sheet harvesting of human‐bone‐marrow‐derived mesenchymal/stromal stem cells (MSCs) were successfully developed .…”