Cell (patho)physiology of magnesium

Wolf, Federica I.; Trapani, Valentina

doi:10.1042/cs20070129

Cited by 158 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…Similar results were observed for the fluorinated chemosensor 2 (see Figure S9). Taken together, the more negative ∆G 298 for the formation of the Mg[1(MC) 2 …”

Section: Dft Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Measurements recorded at 25 • C in acetonitrile solvent, under ambient light conditions. 2 Stoichiometric ratio of chemosensor to metal ion determined from Job's plot (apex). 3 Relative fluorescence quantum yield determined in acetonitrile using Rhodamine B (Φ = 0.31) as a standard.…”

Section: Sensor Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Magnesium ions (Mg 2+ ) play an important role in mammalian cell function [1][2][3][4], as an enzymatic cofactor [5], regulator of cellular ion channels [6][7][8] and energy metabolism [9]. Conditions such as Type 2 Diabetes [10][11][12], Alzheimer's [13,14] and cardiovascular disease [15,16] have been linked with magnesium deficiency, however the mechanisms of Mg 2+ regulation in such disease states are poorly understood [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Rationally Designed, Spiropyran-Based Chemosensor for Magnesium

et al. 2018

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Magnesium ions (Mg 2+ ) play an important role in mammalian cell function; however, relatively little is known about the mechanisms of Mg 2+ regulation in disease states. An advance in this field would come from the development of selective, reversible fluorescent chemosensors, capable of repeated measurements. To this end, the rational design and fluorescence-based photophysical characterisation of two spiropyran-based chemosensors for Mg 2+ are presented. The most promising analogue, chemosensor 1, exhibits 2-fold fluorescence enhancement factor and 3-fold higher binding affinity for Mg 2+ (K d 6.0 µM) over Ca 2+ (K d 18.7 µM). Incorporation of spiropyran-based sensors into optical fibre sensing platforms has been shown to yield significant signal-to-background changes with minimal sample volumes, a real advance in biological sensing that enables measurement on subcellular-scale samples. In order to demonstrate chemosensor compatibility within the light intense microenvironment of an optical fibre, photoswitching and photostability of 1 within a suspended core optical fibre (SCF) was subsequently explored, revealing reversible Mg 2+ binding with improved photostability compared to the non-photoswitchable Rhodamine B fluorophore. The spiropyran-based chemosensors reported here highlight untapped opportunities for a new class of photoswitchable Mg 2+ probe and present a first step in the development of a light-controlled, reversible dip-sensor for Mg 2+ .

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“…Similar results were observed for the fluorinated chemosensor 2 (see Figure S9). Taken together, the more negative ∆G 298 for the formation of the Mg[1(MC) 2 …”

Section: Dft Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sensor Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Rationally Designed, Spiropyran-Based Chemosensor for Magnesium

et al. 2018

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“…Of this, about 60 % is in bone (Swaminathan, 2003;Musso, 2009), either strongly bound to apatite, where it is difficult to mobilise, or loosely adsorbed at the surface of mineral crystals, where it can be easily mobilised in response to variation in dietary supply (Laires et al, 2004). About 25 % of body magnesium is in muscle, where mitochondria are considered to be the intracellular storage site (Kubota et al, 2005;Wolf and Trapani, 2008).…”

Section: Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for magnesium

Products¹

2015

EFS2

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Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) derived Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) for magnesium. The Panel considers that Average Requirements (ARs) and Population Reference Intakes (PRIs) for magnesium cannot be derived for adults, infants or children, and therefore defines Adequate Intakes (AIs), based on observed intakes in healthy populations in the European Union (EU). This approach considers the range of average magnesium intakes estimated by EFSA from dietary surveys in children and adults in nine EU countries. For adults, an AI for magnesium is set at 350 mg/day for men and 300 mg/day for women. For children aged 1 to < 3 years, an AI for magnesium is set at 170 mg/day for both sexes. For children aged 3 to < 10 years, an AI for magnesium is set at 230 mg/day for both sexes. For children aged 10 to < 18 years, an AI for magnesium is set at 300 mg/day for boys and 250 mg/day for girls. For infants aged 7-11 months, an AI for magnesium of 80 mg/day is derived by extrapolating upwards from the estimated magnesium intake in exclusively breast-fed infants aged 0-6 months and by considering observed average intakes in the few surveys for which data are available. For pregnant and lactating women, the Panel considers that there is no evidence for an increased need for magnesium, and the same AI is set for them as for non-pregnant, non-lactating women. Magnesium is an alkaline earth metal. It occurs as the free cation Mg 2+ in aqueous solutions or as the mineral part of a large variety of compounds, including chlorides, carbonates and hydroxides. Magnesium is a cofactor of more than 300 enzymatic reactions, acting either on the enzyme itself as a structural or catalytic component or on the substrate, especially for reactions involving ATP, which make magnesium essential in the intermediary metabolism for the synthesis of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins, as well as for specific actions in various organs in the neuromuscular or cardiovascular system. Magnesium deficiency can cause hypocalcaemia and hypokalaemia, leading to neurological or cardiac symptoms when it is associated with marked hypomagnesaemia. Owing to the widespread involvement of magnesium in numerous physiological functions and the metabolic interactions between magnesium and other minerals, it is difficult to relate magnesium deficiency to specific symptoms.Magnesium absorption takes place in the distal intestine, mainly as the ionised form. Percentage absorption is generally considered to be 40-50 %, but figures from 10 to 70 % have also been reported. Magnesium absorption can be inhibited by phytic acid and phosphate and enhanced by the fermentation of soluble dietary fibre, although the physiological relevance of these interactions at adequate intakes remains to be established.The majority of the body magnesium content is stored in bone (about 60 %) and muscle (about 25 %). A small amount is present in the serum, mainly as the free cation. Most cells ...

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“…Mg exerts structural and also dynamic functions, for example, in formation of enzyme-substrate complexes, in allosteric activation of various reactions, in modulation of ion channels, and in stabilization of cell membranes. The most recognized function of Mg, associated to ATP, is the activation or deactivation of cellular signal transduction pathways, an example of which is insulin signaling [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mg status in inflammation, insulin resistance, and associated conditions

Romero

Lima

Colli

2017

Nutrire

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Magnesium (Mg), an essential ion for the human body, is involved in various enzymatic reactions, particularly those related to energy transfer, storage, and transport. Longitudinal studies show that hypomagnesaemia (Mg serum concentration <0.75 mmol/L) and Mg dietary inadequacy (daily intake < EAR (Estimated Average Requirement) for age/gender) are conditions related to metabolic disorders of the immune and cardiovascular system and often occur in obese and diabetic individuals. Poor eating habits, reduced Mg content in food and water are the main causes of the decrease in Mg intake by the general population. In clinical practice, the serum concentration of this mineral is the most widely used marker for diagnosing deficiency. However, the serum concentration does not reflect the nutritional Mg status since it can be maintained by mobilization of body storage, mainly the bone. Thus, the use of serum concentration as the only routine biomarker of Mg status may hinder the diagnosis of Mg deficiency. In clinical and experimental research, different methods for Mg status assessment are proposed (plasma, erythrocyte, urine), but they are seldom used in clinical routine. In some countries (such as USA and Brazil) the average daily Mg dietary ingestion of more than 60% of the adult population is lower than the Estimated Average Requirement for age and gender, and these data are not too different for individuals with chronic non-communicable diseases. It is unclear whether it is an actual reduction of Mg consumption or if the recommendations are overestimated. If we assume that the recommendations are correct, the question is if this condition constitutes a risk factor for chronic diseases or the hypomagnesemia described in some diseases is a consequence of physiopathological changes. This review has the latest information of human and animal studies about Mg status evaluated from plasma, erythrocyte and urine, dietary inadequacy, and its relation to inflammation and to components of metabolic syndrome.

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Cell (patho)physiology of magnesium

Cited by 158 publications

References 67 publications

A Rationally Designed, Spiropyran-Based Chemosensor for Magnesium

A Rationally Designed, Spiropyran-Based Chemosensor for Magnesium

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for magnesium

Mg status in inflammation, insulin resistance, and associated conditions

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