Cell-on-a-Chip Based Detection of Propranolol Hydrochloride Using Ag@CDs Nanocomposites

Abstract

Herein, Ag@CDs nanocomposites were utilized for the detection of propranolol hydrochloride (PPH). Structural characterization of the nanocomposites was performed using UV-Vis., spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, and contact angle measurements. Electrochemical analysis of the prepared electrode Ag@CDs/ITO was done using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Three electrodes were fabricated on same ITO substrate through selective etching of ITO followed by deposition of different materials on each electrode. To the best of our knowledge, miniaturization of the bulky electrochemical measurement setup has not been reported yet. Moreover, the proposed setup was able to give good limit of detection of 0.38 μM and exhibited linear response in the range of 5-45 μM PPH. Also, the sensor was functional in artificial urine samples showing 80-100% recoveries. The excellent stability, repeatability, and reproducibility of the proposed sensor validate its application in real sample analysis.