Cell-nucleus structured electrolyte for low-temperature aqueous zinc batteries

Hydrogen-bond regulation in organic/aqueous hybrid electrolyte for safe and high-voltage K-ion batteries

“…S7, ESI†), including strong H-bond (about 3000–3500 cm −1 ), weak H-bond (about 3500–3600 cm −1 ), and non H-bond (about 3600–3700 cm −1 ). 35,36 It is need to know that the higher O–H stretching frequency of H 2 O signifies the weaker H-bond, which means that H 2 O is more difficult to be decomposed. In the 5.9 m and 5.6 m KFSI–SCN–H 2 O electrolytes, the ATR-FTIR transmittance corresponding to strong H-bond almost disappears, and that corresponding to non H-bond and weak H-bond becomes dominant (Fig.…”

“…S7, ESI †), including strong H-bond (about 3000-3500 cm À1 ), weak H-bond (about 3500-3600 cm À1 ), and non H-bond (about 3600-3700 cm À1 ). 35,36 It is need to know that the higher O-H stretching frequency of H 2 O signifies the weaker H-bond, which means that H 2 O is more difficult to be decomposed. In the 5.…”

Regulating the solvation structure with N,N-dimethylacetamide co-solvent for high-performance zinc-ion batteries

“…26,27 To overcome these challenges, it is necessary to regulate the coordination environment of zinc ions in the electrolyte by minimizing the number of coordinated water molecules. 28–30 Although the water-in-salt electrolytes (WISE) can significantly reduce the number of coordinated water molecules by involving a large number of anions in the solvation shell of zinc ions, the high cost associated with this approach makes it impractical for the industrialization of AZIBs. 31 The incorporation of a small amount of highly polar organic solvent in an aqueous electrolyte mixture not only significantly enhances the performance of AZIBs but also maximizes the retention of their intrinsic safety characteristics.…”

Strong Replaces Weak: Design of H-Bond Interactions Enables Cryogenic Aqueous Zn Metal Batteries

“…With the proper amount of water added, the DES exhibits a significantly lower viscosity than that with no water while retaining the key features of such H-bond complex solvents and a decrease in the freezing point for aqueous electrolytes. Recently, some works have reported that chaotropic salts with high tetrahedral entropy (Zn­(ClO 4 ) 2 , ZnCl 2 , ZnBr 2 , Zn­(Otf) 2 , Zn­(BF 4 ) 2 ) can help to lower freezing points. ,,− However, they have inevitable defects, such as the narrow electrochemical window of Zn­(ClO 4 ) 2 and ZnCl 2 and the high cost of Zn­(Otf) 2 and Zn­(BF 4 ) 2 . For the more cost-effective and stable ZnSO 4 , its low-temperature performance is poor and almost no studies for ZnSO 4 -based electrolyte have been able to achieve an operating temperature lower than −20 °C (Table S1).…”