Cell morphology analysis of high density polymer foams

Gosselin, Ryan; Rodrigue, Denis

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2005.07.005

Cited by 82 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The foams cell diameter was determined by visual inspection from the images obtained via SEM. The foams' cell density (N F , cm 3 ) was determined assuming the materials showed an isotropic distribution of spherical cells as follows [14,15]:…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopy (Sem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical, thermal and morphological characterization of cellulose fiber-reinforced phenolic foams

Saz-Orozco

Alonso

Oliet

et al. 2015

Composites Part B: Engineering

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Section: Scanning Electron Microscopy (Sem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical, thermal and morphological characterization of cellulose fiber-reinforced phenolic foams

Saz-Orozco

Alonso

Oliet

et al. 2015

Composites Part B: Engineering

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“…The cell density of the prolate spheroidal cell, N d, ellipsoid , was calculated by modifying Eq. 2 with the void fraction, / v [22].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of micro/nanocellular polypropylene foam with crystal nucleating agents

Miyamoto

Yasuhara

Shikuma

et al. 2013

Polymer Engineering & Sci

111

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Open‐cell, porous microcellular foams with nanofibrillated structures were prepared from high tacticity isotactic polypropylene (i‐PP) with a crystal nucleating and gelling agent. The 1,3:2,4 bis‐O‐(4‐methylbenzylidene)‐d‐sorbitol gelling agent (Gel‐all MD) was used as the crystal nucleating and gelling agent, which enhanced the crystallization and gelation of i‐PP with a three‐dimensional network of highly connected nanofibrils. The core‐back foam injection molding technique was employed to foam the i‐PP with nitrogen (N2) at a high expansion ratio, where the crystal nucleating agent induced bubble nucleation and bubble growth in the inter‐lamella region and opened the cell walls with a nanoscale‐fibrillated structure. The effects of the nucleating agent on the open cell content (OCC), density and crystallinity were thoroughly investigated. We prepared open‐cell micro/nanocellular foams with an average cell size of microscale voids of < 5 μm. Nanometer‐scale fibrillated structures were formed on the cell wall of the microscale void, the expansion ratio was five‐fold and the open cell content was over 90%. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:2075–2085, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…As a result, a frontal low in the core of the polymer melt is generated as shown in Figure 7. This results in a compact skin layer and a foamed core [18][19][20].…”

Section: Morphology Of Foamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in Figure 8, the zones from one mold wall to the other mold in the cavity are skin layer-outer foam core-inner foam core-outer foam core-skin layer. Inner core has the cells with the largest diameter due to the slow cooling rate of the material in the core region, and cells have time to expand [16,[18][19][20].…”

Section: Morphology Of Foamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoplastic Foams: Processing, Manufacturing, and Characterization

Altan¹

2018

Recent Research in Polymerization

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Polymer foams have wide application area due to their light weight, resistance to impact, high thermal insulation, and damping properties. Automotive, packing industry, electronic, aerospace, building construction, bedding, and medical applications are some of the ields that polymer foams have been used. However, depending on their cell structure-open or closed cell-polymer foams have diferent properties and diferent application areas. In this work, the most used thermoplastic foams with closed cells such as polypropylene, polyethylene, and polystyrene or polylactic acid have been focused. Their melt strength, degree of crystallinity for semi-crystalline ones, and viscosity have great importance on cell morphology. Cells in small diameter with high dense in polymer matrix are preferable. However, obtaining ine cells is not easy in each case, and it is still under investigation for some polymers. There are several ways to improve cell morphology, and one of them is addition of nanoparticle to the polymer. During foaming process, nanoparticles behave like nucleating agent that cells nucleate at the boundary between polymer and the nanoparticle. Besides, foaming agents contribute the homogenous dispersion of the nanoparticles in the polymer matrix, and this improves the properties of the polymer foams and generates multifunctional material as polymer nanocomposite foams.

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Cell morphology analysis of high density polymer foams

Cited by 82 publications

References 7 publications

Mechanical, thermal and morphological characterization of cellulose fiber-reinforced phenolic foams

Mechanical, thermal and morphological characterization of cellulose fiber-reinforced phenolic foams

Preparation of micro/nanocellular polypropylene foam with crystal nucleating agents

Thermoplastic Foams: Processing, Manufacturing, and Characterization

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