Cell migration and division in amoeboid-like fission yeast

Abstract

SummaryYeast cells are non-motile and are encased in a cell wall that supports high internal turgor pressure. The cell wall is also essential for cellular morphogenesis and cell division. Here, we report unexpected morphogenetic changes in a Schizosaccharomyces pombe mutant defective in cell wall biogenesis. These cells form dynamic cytoplasmic protrusions caused by internal turgor pressure and also exhibit amoeboid-like cell migration resulting from repeated protrusive cycles. The cytokinetic ring responsible for cell division in wild-type yeast often fails in these cells; however, they were still able to divide using a ring-independent alternative mechanism relying on extrusion of the cell body through a hole in the cell wall. This mechanism of cell division may resemble an ancestral mode of division in the absence of cytokinetic machinery. Our findings highlight how a single gene change can lead to the emergence of different modes of cell growth, migration and division.

The Cell Biology of Fission Yeast Septation

“…However, during and after assembly, this ring must be spatially maintained for a proper cell division. Several reports have described findings indicating that the AMR slides sideways in round cells deprived of a cell wall, suggesting that, beyond the cell geometry, new cleavage furrow membranes or septum ingression might play a role in stabilizing and maintaining the ring in the cell middle (84)(85)(86). Something similar was previously described for cps1-191 mutant cells depleted of either microtubules or Mid1 in the absence of septum deposition (87,88).…”

Analysis of CCR7 mediated T cell transfectant migration using a microfluidic gradient generator

“…On the other hand, generation of stable transfectant lines is more time consuming and the transfectants can undergo genotypic and phenotypic changes over the clonal selection process. The complex cellular machinery operated by immune cells makes it less amenable to signaling interventions compar ing to other well established eukaryotic cell models such as Dictyostelium discoideum and yeast (Arkowitz, 1999;Iglesias, 2009;King and Insall, 2009;Lee and Jeon, 2012;Artemenko et al, 2014;Flor Parra et al, 2014). Our study addressed these challenges by optimizing the transfectant generation and microfluidic system.…”

Actin turnover maintains actin filament homeostasis during cytokinetic ring contraction

“…Cells were cultured in rich medium YEA (5 g/l yeast extract, 30 g/l glucose, and 225 mg/l adenine) until midlog phase at 24°C for physiological analysis. Spheroplasts were prepared by enzymatic digestion with lytic enzymes Lallzyme MMX (16207; Lallemand; Flor-Parra et al, 2014 ) and recovered in YEA medium containing sorbitol until the actomyosin rings were assembled. LatA (BML-T119; Enzo Life Sciences) and jasp (ALX-350-275; Enzo Life Sciences) were used at the final concentration of 100 µM each to perturb the actin dynamics in cells and spheroplasts.…”