Cell membrane receptors and regulation of cell function in ticks and blood-sucking insects

Sauer, John R.; McSwain, Janis L.; Essenberg, Richard C.

doi:10.1016/0020-7519(94)90057-4

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Among many pharmacological agents examined, DA is the most active compound that directly induces salivary secretion in isolated SGs (Bowman and Sauer, 2004; Kaufman, 1976; Lindsay and Kaufman, 1986; McSwain et al, 1992a; McSwain et al, 1992b; Sauer et al, 2000; Sauer et al, 1995; Sauer et al, 1994; Schmidt et al, 1981). In addition, injection of DA into the hemocoel of a live tick induces mouthpart movement, the typical behavioral component of feeding.…”

Section: Biological Components In Control Of the Tick Salivary Glandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural control of salivary glands in ixodid ticks

Šimo

Žitňan

Park

2012

Journal of Insect Physiology

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Studies of tick salivary glands (SGs) and their components have produced a number of interesting discoveries over the last four decades. However, the precise neural and physiological mechanisms controlling SG secretion remain enigmatic. Major studies of SG control have identified and characterized many pharmacological and biological compounds that activate salivary secretion, including dopamine (DA), octopamine, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), ergot alkaloids, pilocarpine (PC), and their pharmacological relatives. Specifically, DA has shown the most robust activities in various tick species, and its effect on downstream actions in the SGs has been extensively studied. Our recent work on a SG dopamine receptor has aided new interpretations of previous pharmacological studies and provided new concepts for SG control mechanisms. Furthermore, our recent immunohistochemical studies have suggested that multiple neuropeptides are involved in SG control. Myoinhibitory peptide (MIP) and SIFamide have been identified in the neural projections reaching the basal cells of acini type II and III. Pigment-dispersing factor (PDF)-immunoreactive neural projections reach type II acini, and RFamide- and tachykinin-immunoreactive projections reach the SG ducts, but the chemical nature of these immunoreactive materials are unidentified yet. Here, we briefly review previous pharmacological studies and provide a revised summary of SG control mechanisms in ticks.

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Section: Biological Components In Control Of the Tick Salivary Glandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural control of salivary glands in ixodid ticks

Šimo

Žitňan

Park

2012

Journal of Insect Physiology

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“…In addition to its exceptional value as a model for studying receptor-mediated endocytosis, this system is also a promising target for future novel control strategies. For example, interruption of the receptor-ligand interaction would block egg development, and theAaVgR could serve as a target for an antimosquito vaccine (4). A prerequisite to successful manipulation of this system is a thorough understanding of the proteins involved: their structures, interactions, regulation, and expression.…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of the mosquito vitellogenin receptor reveals unexpected high homology to the Drosophila yolk protein receptor.

Sappington

Kokoza

Cho

et al. 1996

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

112

137

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The mosquito (Aedes aegypti) vitellogenin receptor (AaVgR) is a large membrane-bound protein (214 kDa when linearized) that mediates internalization of vitellogenin, the major yolk-protein precursor, by oocytes during egg development. We have cloned and sequenced two cDNA fragments encompassing the entire coding region of AaVgR mRNA, to our knowledge the first insect VgR sequence to be reported. The 7.3-kb AaVgR mRNA is present only in female germ-line cells and is abundant in previtellogenic oocytes, suggesting that the AaVgR gene is expressed early in oocyte differentiation. The deduced amino acid sequence predicts a 202.7-kDa protein before posttranslational processing. The AaVgR is a member of the low density lipoprotein receptor superfamily, sharing significant homology with the chicken (Gallus gallus) VgR and particularly the Drosophila melanogaster yolk protein receptor, in spite of a very different ligand for the latter. Distance-based phylogenetic analyses suggest that the insect VgRIyolk protein receptor lineage and the vertebrate VgR/low density lipoprotein receptor lineage diverged before the bifurcation of nematode and deuterostome lines.The developing embryo of an oviparous animal draws practically all of its requisite nutrients from a cache of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates stored within the egg as yolk. Yolkprotein precursors are synthesized extraovarially and transported to the developing egg where they are specifically recognized and bound by membrane-spanning cell-surface receptors. Receptor-ligand complexes accumulate in clathrincoated pits, which pinch-off into the cytoplasm, a fundamental process ubiquitous among cells for internalizing macromolecules referred to as receptor-mediated endocytosis (1, 2). The insect oocyte provides an excellent system for studying receptor-mediated endocytosis because of the high intensity of protein uptake. Mosquitoes are especially useful models in this regard, because a tightly regulated series of physiological events associated with egg maturation is synchronized across all primary oocytes by a blood meal.In the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti (Aa), oocyte size increases more than 300-fold within 36 h of a blood meal (3), largely through the specific accumulation of the major yolkprotein precursor vitellogenin (AaVg). This impressive biological feat depends on the proper interaction ofAaVg with its receptor (AaVgR) on the oocyte surface. In addition to its exceptional value as a model for studying receptor-mediated endocytosis, this system is also a promising target for future novel control strategies. For example, interruption of the receptor-ligand interaction would block egg development, and theAaVgR could serve as a target for an antimosquito vaccine (4). A prerequisite to successful manipulation of this system is a thorough understanding of the proteins involved: their structures, interactions, regulation, and expression. Meaningful progress on all of these fronts hinges on knowledge of the primary structures of both AaVg, which we r...

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“…Several studies have focused on identification of aminergic regulatory pathways controlling the secretory activity of tick salivary glands (Kaufman, 1978;Sauer et al, 1995Sauer et al, , 2000. Dopamine has been found to activate salivary secretion through the D1-type (excitatory) receptor, which is likely a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR; Sauer et al, 1994;Schmidt et al, 1981). The downstream signaling pathway involves the G-protein alpha subunit S, cyclic AMP, and protein kinases for the excretion of water.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two novel neuropeptides in innervation of the salivary glands of the black‐legged tick, Ixodes scapularis: Myoinhibitory peptide and SIFamide

Šimo

Žitňan

Park

2009

J of Comparative Neurology

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The peptidergic signaling system is an ancient cell-cell communication mechanism that is involved in numerous behavioral and physiological events in multicellular organisms. We identified two novel neuropeptides in the neuronal projections innervating the salivary glands of the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis (Say, 1821). Myoinhibitory peptide (MIP) and SIFamide immunoreactivities were colocalized in the protocerebral cells and their projections terminating on specific cells of salivary gland acini (types II and III). Immunoreactive substances were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDITOF) analysis: a 1,321.6-Da peptide with the sequence typical for MIP (ASDWNRLSGMWamide) and a 1,395.7-Da SIFamide (AYRKPPFNGSIFamide), which are highly conserved among arthropods. Genes encoding these peptides were identified in the available Ixodes genome and expressed sequence tag (EST) database. In addition, the cDNA encoding the MIP prepropeptide was isolated by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). In this report, we describe the anatomical structure of specific central neurons innervating salivary gland acini and identify different neuropeptides and their precursors expressed by these neurons. Our data provide evidence for neural control of salivary gland by MIP and SIFamide from the synganglion, thus leading a basis for functional studies of these two distinct classes of neuropeptides. Keywords neuropeptide; myoinhibitory peptide; MIP; SIFamide; MALDI; synganglion; salivary glands Ticks are obligatory external parasites that feed on the blood of mammals, birds, and reptiles and often transmit pathogenic viruses, Rickettsiae, bacteria, and protozoa. Tick-borne diseases cause substantial economic loss in the animal industry and present risks for human health. The black-legged tick, Ixodes scapularis, transmits the most important tick-borne pathogen, Borrelia burgdorferi, which causes Lyme disease. More than 20,000 new cases are reported per year in the United States, in 46 states. This species also transmits other diseases, including human babesiosis Babesia microti and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis.Salivary secretions of ticks are essential during feeding for manipulation and suppression of host defense responses and might represent key components in the transmission of (Binnington, 1978;Coons and Roshdy, 1973;Krolak et al., 1982). Each type of acinus contains multiple cell types, including different types of secretory and epithelial cells (Balashov et al., 1983;Sauer et al., 1995;Sonenshine, 1993). Studies with transmission electron microscopy have discovered that axon terminals reach the basal region of the acini, indicating that there is neuronal control of the salivary glands (Balashov et al., 1983; Coons and Alberti, 1999). Recently, we have described the neuroanatomy of peptidergic cells in the nervous system, including the neurons and axonal projections that innervate tick salivary glands (Šimo et al., 2009).Previous immunohistochemical studies have indica...

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Cell membrane receptors and regulation of cell function in ticks and blood-sucking insects

Cited by 35 publications

References 99 publications

Neural control of salivary glands in ixodid ticks

Neural control of salivary glands in ixodid ticks

Molecular characterization of the mosquito vitellogenin receptor reveals unexpected high homology to the Drosophila yolk protein receptor.

Two novel neuropeptides in innervation of the salivary glands of the black‐legged tick, Ixodes scapularis: Myoinhibitory peptide and SIFamide

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