Cell Membrane as A Promising Therapeutic Target: From Materials Design to Biomedical Applications

Abstract

The cell membrane is a crucial component of cells, protecting their integrity and stability while facilitating signal transduction and information exchange. Therefore, disrupting its structure or impairing its functions can potentially cause irreversible cell damage. Presently, the tumor cell membrane is recognized as a promising therapeutic target for various treatment methods. Given the extensive research focused on cell membranes, it is both necessary and timely to discuss these developments, from materials design to specific biomedical applications. This review covers treatments based on functional materials targeting the cell membrane, ranging from well‐known membrane‐anchoring photodynamic therapy to recent lysosome‐targeting chimaeras for protein degradation. The diverse therapeutic mechanisms are introduced in the following sections: membrane‐anchoring phototherapy, self‐assembly on the membrane, in situ biosynthesis on the membrane, and degradation of cell membrane proteins by chimeras. In each section, we outline the conceptual design or general structure derived from numerous studies, emphasizing representative examples to understand advancements and draw inspiration. Finally, we discuss some challenges and future directions in membrane‐targeted therapy from our perspective. This review aims to engage multidisciplinary readers and encourage researchers in related fields to advance the fundamental theories and practical applications of membrane‐targeting therapeutic agents.

Unnatural Peptide Assemblies Rapidly Deplete Cholesterol and Potently Inhibit Cancer Cells

“…Lovastatin treatment further enhanced 1 ’s selectivity for PC3 over HepG2 cells (Figure S52). This approach paves the way for further therapeutic development by integrating unnatural amino acids with distinct cancer-targeting mechanisms, such as redox reactions − or enzymatic processes, − to target cell membrane and modulate aberrant lipid metabolism in cells.…”