Cell-mediated immunity in chickens vaccinated with the V4 strain of Newcastle disease virus

Quantification and phenotypic characterisation of peripheral IFN-γ producing leucocytes in chickens vaccinated against Newcastle disease

“…The observed antigen-specific IFN-γ production in CD3 + TCRγδ − CD8 + cells of B19 chickens was only observed in the group vaccinated with the live attenuated vaccine and not in the group having received the inactivated vaccine. This was in good agreement with earlier reports demonstrating that live attenuated NDV vaccines induce a stronger CMI than inactivated NDV vaccines ( Al-Garib et al, 2003 , Zoth et al, 2008 , Lambrecht et al, 2004 , Rauw et al, 2009 , Jayawardane and Spradbrow, 1995 ). However, the observation may not only reflect differences in the amount of circulating memory T cells induced by the vaccinations, but also differences in vaccine response kinetics and hence the possibility of identifying the NDV specific cells in peripheral blood.…”

“…In the present study, NDV specific immune responses were induced in chickens using a vaccination model. Live attenuated (LA) and inactivated (IA) NDV vaccines are commercially available and while both types of vaccine formulations induce antibody responses LA NDV vaccines are considered better inducers of cellular immunity ( Al-Garib et al, 2003 , Zoth et al, 2008 , Lambrecht et al, 2004 , Rauw et al, 2009 , Jayawardane and Spradbrow, 1995 ). A number of studies in poultry have shown that IFN-γ produced by T cells after ex vivo stimulation correlate with cellular immunity after vaccination or infection ( Breed et al, 1997 , Karaca et al, 1996 , Martin et al, 1994 , Prowse and Pallister, 1989 ).…”

Oral Newcastle disease vaccination trials in Ethiopia

“…Timms & Alexander (1977) suggested that local immunity and cell-mediated immunity play a role in the protection of vaccinated chickens against velogenic NDVs and Spradbrow & Samuel (1991) postulated that oral vaccination may induce the production of secretory immunoglobulins by stimulating the intestinal lymphoid tissue. Jayawardane & Spradbrow (1995) also showed that there was no correlation between HI antibody titres and cell-mediated immunity response.…”

Vaccination with newcastle disease vaccines strain i₂ and lasota in commercial and local chickens in Plateau State Nigeria

“…As tannins are known to chellates ND vaccine virus making it unavailable to the birds, this effect of tannins on NDV may probably be associated with substances that inactivate the NDV and with binding to food lectins (Spradbrow, 1992b).Bioactive chemical compounds like saponins present in gum Arabic are known to be immune pontentiators in birds and other mammals (Hughes et al, 1958). Newcastle disease vaccines administered orally have been reported to primarily provoke mucosal immunity (Jayawardane and Spradbrow, 1995). It is thought that this is the first line of defense against NDV infection, which occurs either by inhalation or ingestion or both (Alexander, 1988).…”