Cell-mediated immunity during syphilis. A review

Pavia, Charles S.; Folds, James D.; Baseman, Joel B.

doi:10.1136/sti.54.3.144

Cited by 47 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The immune response to Treponema pallidum in syphilis has similarities to that in Lyme disease. During the first several weeks of leutic infection, the immune response is suppressed (29,30), and the antibody response is restricted to a few polypeptides (31,32). In tertiary syphilis, as in Lyme disease, specific IgM has been detected after the development of specific IgG, although the responsible antigens have not been identified in syphilis (33,34).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antigens of Borrelia burgdorferi recognized during Lyme disease. Appearance of a new immunoglobulin M response and expansion of the immunoglobulin G response late in the illness.

Craft¹,

Fischer²,

Shimamoto³

et al. 1986

J. Clin. Invest.

355

174

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Using immunoblots, we identified proteins ofBorrelia burgdorferi bound by IgM and IgG antibodies during Lyme disease. In 12 patients with early disease alone, both the IgM and IgG responses were restricted primarily to a 41-kD antigen. This limited response disappeared within several months. In contrast, among six patients with prolonged illness, the IgM response to the 41-kD protein sometimes persisted for months to years, and late in the illness during arthritis, a new IgM response sometimes developed to a 34-kD component of the organism. The IgG response in these patients appeared in a characteristic sequential pattern over months to years to as many as 11 spirochetal antigens. The appearance of a new IgM response and the expansion of the IgG response late in the illness, and the lack of such responses in patients with early disease alone, suggest that B. burgdorferi remains alive throughout the illness.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antigens of Borrelia burgdorferi recognized during Lyme disease. Appearance of a new immunoglobulin M response and expansion of the immunoglobulin G response late in the illness.

Craft¹,

Fischer²,

Shimamoto³

et al. 1986

J. Clin. Invest.

355

174

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“…Early studies of systemic cell-mediated responses to T. pallidum in humans often led investigators to conclude that cellular immunity is suppressed during early syphilis [8,9]-a viewpoint that is clearly at odds with the histological abnormalities that characterize syphilitic lesions [10]. Much of our understanding about the importance of cellular immunity during early syphilis evolved from studies in the rabbit model.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Treponema pallidumElicits Innate and Adaptive Cellular Immune Responses in Skin and Blood during Secondary Syphilis: A Flow‐Cytometric Analysis

et al. 2007

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“…These mechanisms have been recently reviewed in detail (10,11). Though the individual roles of cell-mediated and humoral immunity have not been precisely characterized, the host immune response to T. pallidum may very well include components of each.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Monoclonal antibody with hemagglutination, immobilization, and neutralization activities defines an immunodominant, 47,000 mol wt, surface-exposed immunogen of Treponema pallidum (Nichols).

Jones¹,

Marchitto²,

Miller³

et al. 1984

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP) analyses performed on 125I-surface-labeled Treponema pallidum cells using various immune sera revealed the presence of six major surface antigens (immunogens) with apparent molecular weights of 47 K, 36 K, 34 K, 32 K, 29 K, and 13 K. Among these, the 47 K surface antigen was most abundant. Radioimmunoprecipitation assays using 125I-labeled T. phagedenis biotype Reiter or immunoblot analyses using the same strain, failed to reveal the presence of the 47 K mol wt antigen in the representative nonpathogenic treponeme. Preabsorption of anti-T. pallidum immune rabbit serum (IRS) with the Reiter organism did not remove anti-T. pallidum antibodies from immune serum that reacted with the 47 K mol wt immunogen or other immunogens of T. pallidum present in the characteristic antigenic profile. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) directed specifically against the 47 K mol wt immunogen of T. pallidum also failed to react with an analogous 47 K mol wt component in Treponema phagedenis biotype Reiter, further suggesting the unique presence of this antigen in pathogenic treponemes. The presence of the 47 K mol wt surface immunogen in pathogenic treponemes other than T. pallidum subspecies pallidum was also observed (43). Anti-47 K immunogen mAb was nonreactive against rabbit IgG or IgM. mAb directed specifically against the 47 K mol wt immunogen of T. pallidum was examined for strategic functional activities. It was found to be reactive in the microhemagglutination assay for T. pallidum antibodies, the T. pallidum immobilization test, and was found to be capable of significant blockage of attachment of virulent T. pallidum to host cells in tissue culture. Additional significant biological activity for the anti-47 K mol wt immunogen mAb was revealed through results of the in vitro-in vivo neutralization test of Bishop and Miller, in which a 99% or 100% neutralizing activity was demonstrated. The combined data of this study suggest that the 47 K mol wt immunogen of T. pallidum represents an abundant, immunodominant, surface-exposed immunogen possessing potential biological importance in the pathogenesis and immunology of T. pallidum infection. These studies serve to establish the first functionally defined immunogen for T. pallidum, which may represent the major immunogen of the organism.

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Cell-mediated immunity during syphilis. A review

Cited by 47 publications

References 44 publications

Antigens of Borrelia burgdorferi recognized during Lyme disease. Appearance of a new immunoglobulin M response and expansion of the immunoglobulin G response late in the illness.

Antigens of Borrelia burgdorferi recognized during Lyme disease. Appearance of a new immunoglobulin M response and expansion of the immunoglobulin G response late in the illness.

Treponema pallidumElicits Innate and Adaptive Cellular Immune Responses in Skin and Blood during Secondary Syphilis: A Flow‐Cytometric Analysis

Monoclonal antibody with hemagglutination, immobilization, and neutralization activities defines an immunodominant, 47,000 mol wt, surface-exposed immunogen of Treponema pallidum (Nichols).

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