Cell-mediated immune responses of guinea pigs to an inactivated phase I Coxiella burnetii vaccine

Kishimoto, R A; Johnson, James W.; Kenyon, Richard H.; Ascher, Michael S.; Larson, Edgar W.; Pedersen, Carl E.

doi:10.1128/iai.19.1.194-198.1978

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…The T-cell responses noted in our trial were more evanescent than those reported by Izzo et al from Australian trials of the whole-cell vaccine (10), although not necessarily different from the results obtained in animal models which demonstrated protection (12). Recently reported studies by Dumler et al suggest that persistence of detectable lymphocyte proliferative responses in peripheral blood was not a reliable predictor of protection against challenge in humans immunized with an inactivated Rickettsia rickettsii vaccine (6).…”

Section: Statistical Comparison Of Raw 3h Counts Incorporated By Cellcontrasting

confidence: 70%

Safety and immunogenicity in human volunteers of a chloroform-methanol residue vaccine for Q fever

1993

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Current Q fever vaccines, consisting of Formalin-inactivated phase I whole CoxieUa burnetii, are highly efficacious in preventing disease in high-risk settings but are associated with a risk of unacceptable local reactions in previously immune individuals and require cumbersome preliminary immunologic evaluation of potential vaccinees. A vaccine prepared from the residue of chloroform-methanol extraction of phase I Henzerling strain C. burnetii (CMR) has been shown to be less reactogenic but still immunogenic and protective in small animals and sheep. In a placebo-controlled trial, we immunized 35 healthy adults unscreened for markers of prior C. burnetii immunity with a single subcutaneous CMR dose of 30, 60, 120, or 240 jg. None of those receiving the 30or 60-jig CMR dose and none of the placebo recipients experienced any adverse effects. Five of 15 120-jig dose CMR recipients complained of transient discomfort in the inoculated arm; erythema or induration of 2100 mm2 was noted in three and four, respectively, and two had malaise and low-grade fever (<101F, orally). No 240pg dose vaccinee reported limb discomfort, but 7 of 10 had erythema and/or induration of .100 mm2 (p < 0.001 versus placebo). Two reported malaise, and one had low-grade fever. All adverse effects were self-limited. Serum immunoglobulin M responses were optimally detected with CMR antigen and occurred in 50, 60, 73, and 90% of recipients of the 30-, 60-, 120-, and 240-jg doses, respectively; results with phase I whole-cell antigen were similar. Serum immunoglobulin G responses were best detected with phase II antigen and were seen in 20, 20, and 40%o of those receiving the 60-, 120-, and 240-jig doses, respectively. Peripheral blood T-cell proliferative responses to C. burnetii recall antigens were transient and of low magnitude but were seen with CMR antigen in 33% of 120-pg dose recipients and 40% of 240-jg dose recipients. Data from this study and those from comparative-efficacy trials in primates should provide the basis for field trials of the CMR vaccine.

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Section: Statistical Comparison Of Raw 3h Counts Incorporated By Cellcontrasting

confidence: 70%

Safety and immunogenicity in human volunteers of a chloroform-methanol residue vaccine for Q fever

1993

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“…In a previous report (7), we demonstrated that cell-mediated immunity was crucial for the development of resistance to the intracellular replication of C. burnetii, a concept supported by the studies of other investigators (9,10,12,15). However, a role for antibody was also shown to alter the course of C. burnetii infections in mice that received specific antiserum before infection (10).…”

Section: Discussion the Protective Capabilities Of Various Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 55%

Role of antibody in Coxiella burnetii infection

Humphres¹,

Hinrichs²

1981

Infect Immun

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BALB/c mice infected with Coxiella burnetii phase I developed a state of acquired resistance which could be detected during week 2 postinfection. Immune serum, administered to normal mice 24 h before challenge with C. burnetii, appeared to accelerate the development of resistance. An increased clearance rate could be measured in these serum recipients 1 week postinfection. Simultaneous administration of immune serum and C. burnetii did not affect the normal clearance rate of rickettsiae from the spleens of infected mice during week 1, but enhanced clearance of the organism by 14 days postchallenge. Passive transfer of immune serum 24 h after challenge of normal mice with viable C. burnetii had no effect on rickettsial growth within the spleens of animals treated in this fashion. Treatment of athymic mice with immune serum 24 h before challenge with C. burnetii had no effect on rickettsial multiplication within the spleens of these T-cell-deficient animals.

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“…The presence of CMI after infection with other rickettsiae as well as with R. tsutsugamushi has been demonstrated by LP assays (14,15), and the production of lymphokines, including migration inhibition factor (MIF) and macrophage-activating factor, after the interaction of sensitized T-cells and antigen (9,19). Furthermore, these activities have been demonstrated in experimental systems after the administration of nonviable rickettsiae (15).…”

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confidence: 99%

Gamma-irradiated scrub typhus immunogens: development of cell-mediated immunity after vaccination of inbred mice

Jerrells¹,

Palmer²,

Osterman³

1983

Infect Immun

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Cell-mediated immune responses of guinea pigs to an inactivated phase I Coxiella burnetii vaccine

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

Safety and immunogenicity in human volunteers of a chloroform-methanol residue vaccine for Q fever

Safety and immunogenicity in human volunteers of a chloroform-methanol residue vaccine for Q fever

Role of antibody in Coxiella burnetii infection

Gamma-irradiated scrub typhus immunogens: development of cell-mediated immunity after vaccination of inbred mice

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