Cell‐Mediated and Humoral Immunity to Protozoan Infections

Mauël, Jacques; Behin, Reza

doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.1974.tb00130.x

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…This could occur for example when exposed to a nonspecific inflammatory environment. In this regard, it is of interest that in every instance in which an in vitro microbistatic or microbicidal activity has been generated against protozoa, macrophages were obtained from peritoneal exudates, sensitized animals, or had been manipulated in vitro by exposure to heart-infusion broth, thioglycollate medium, or Ficoll-Hypaque (4,(6)(7)(8)31). Efforts are in progress to define the conditions under which a trypanocidal activity can be evoked under in vitro conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trypanosoma cruzi: the immunological induction of macrophage plasminogen activator requires thymus-derived lymphocytes.

Nogueira¹,

Gordon²,

Cohn³

1977

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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In this article we describe methods in which unstimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages were induced to secrete high livels of plasminogen activator under in vitro conditions. The exposure of sensitized peritoneal or spleen cell populations from Trypanosoma cruzi-infected animals to either viable or heat-killed trypanosomes lead to the release of an inducing factor(s). Maximal levels of plasminogen activator secretion are achieved by the incubation of such factors (s) with unstimulated macrophages for 48 h. A significant increase in enzyme secretion was already observed after a 24 h incubation. The production of the inducing factor(s) by sensitized cells was immunologically specific and unrelated antigens did not stimulate the production of the factor(s) by sensitized peritoneal or spleen cell populations. The inducing factor(s) was produced by nylon-wool-fractionated spleen and peritoneal cells which had been depleted of marcrophages. Pretreatment of sensitized spleen cells with anti-theta serum and C abolished the production of the activating factor(s). The active supernatant fluids were able to induce secretion of macrophage plasminogen activator across H-2 barriers. Attempts to induce trypanocidal activity in unstimulated macrophages have not been successful.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trypanosoma cruzi: the immunological induction of macrophage plasminogen activator requires thymus-derived lymphocytes.

Nogueira¹,

Gordon²,

Cohn³

1977

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…Heterogeneity of effector mechanisms and collaboration between different effectors are apparent also in resistance to protozoa. Leishmaniasis is discussed in this volume by Mauel & Behin (1974). Of interest in the present context is their observation that activated guinea pig macrophages (capable of destroying Listeria) failed to kill ingested Leishmania enrietti, whereas activated mouse macrophages could kill L. enrietti but not L. tropica.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Evidence of the occurence of a wide range of immune responses to various infectious agents has been summarized: for viruses by Allison (1972 a, b); for bacteria by ; for fungi by Salvin (1963); for some protozoal infections, e. g,, malaria by Brown (1969), Brown (1971) and McGregor (1971), and leishmaniasis by Bryceson et al (1970) and Mauel & Behin (1974); for various metazoal infestations by Ogilvie & Jones (1971, Ogilvie & Love (1974), Jarrett & Urqhart (1971), Smithers & Terry (1969) and Smithers (1972). It is commonplace also that allogeneic cells and tissues, normal or neoplastic, can evoke both cell-mediated and humoral immunity (Amos 1962, Stetson 1963, Hellstrom & Moller 1965, Voisin 1971 as can syngeneic and autologous tumours (Alexander & Fairley 1967, Hellstrom & Hellstrom 1969.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunity to Infection, Allograft Immunity and Tumour Immunity: Parallels and Contrasts

Nelson

1974

Immunological Reviews

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“…Guinea pigs develop a high degree of protective immunity to reinfection after an infection with L. enrietlii, but the immune mechanisms of protection are unknown (19). It now appears that in this and other protozoal infections the role of antibodies must be considered not only in terms of classical functions such as lysis and opsonization but also as acting by modifying the membrane structure of the living organism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ANTIBODY-INDUCED MOVEMENT OF MEMBRANE COMPONENTS OF LEISHMANIA ENRIETTII

Doyle

Behin

Mauël

et al. 1974

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Protozoal parasites of the genus Leishmania have a unit trilaminar surface membrane (1). Such membranes in mammalian cells are considered to be lipid bilayers in which the integrated membrane proteins are capable of translational diffusion (2). Movement of surface membrane components of mammalian cells into discrete aggregates or a single aggregate, a "cap", has been observed after reaction with ligands such as specific antibody and Concanavalin A (3-8). These aggregates m a y subsequently be endocytosed or shed. Such changes in membrane components m a y constitute the initial step in important phenomena such as antigenic modulation, lymphocyte activation, and immunological tolerance (3-5, 8).Here we describe the effects of antibodies on surface membrane antigens of the amasfigote and promastigote forms (9) of Leishmania enriettii. These include aggregation and distinctive forms of capping with at least temporary loss of antigens from the surface of the parasite. Materials and MethodsParasites.--Viable amastigotes were obtained from infected macrophages by excision and maceration of lesions produced in guinea pigs by intradermal inoculation of L. enriettii 3-6 wk previously (10). Parasites were recovered by centrifugation, washed, and resuspended in Dulbecco's modification of Eagle's medium (11), supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. Promastigotes were cultured at room temperature in the same medium supplemented with 5% fetal calf serum and 5% of a solution of human hemoglobin (growth medium).Antibodies to Leishmania.--Guinea pigs were infected intradermally with L. enriettii and sera were obtained either during the course of disease (3-6 wk after infection) or after challenge of immune animals with healed lesions. An indirect fluorescent antibody test on formalin-fixed parasites showed antibody titers from 1:54 to 1 : 1,024 in these sera.3,z-globulins isolated from immune sera by DEAE-cellulose chromatography (12) gave similar results to those described for unfractionated sera in immunofluorescence of viable parasites. Immune sera were heated to 56°C for 30 min before use in immunofluorescence.

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Cell‐Mediated and Humoral Immunity to Protozoan Infections

Cited by 20 publications

References 64 publications

Trypanosoma cruzi: the immunological induction of macrophage plasminogen activator requires thymus-derived lymphocytes.

Trypanosoma cruzi: the immunological induction of macrophage plasminogen activator requires thymus-derived lymphocytes.

Immunity to Infection, Allograft Immunity and Tumour Immunity: Parallels and Contrasts

ANTIBODY-INDUCED MOVEMENT OF MEMBRANE COMPONENTS OF LEISHMANIA ENRIETTII

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