Cell mechanics: principles, practices, and prospects

Moeendarbary, Emad; Harris, Andrew R.

doi:10.1002/wsbm.1275

Cited by 249 publications

(244 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…Yet how actomyosin-generated forces coordinate with geometric and mechanical parameters (such as the constriction size and the stiffness of the extracellular matrix and the nucleus) to modulate the nuclear morphology during cell passage through small openings remains poorly understood. Furthermore, despite the development of a variety of approaches that model the mechanics of the whole cell (16)(17)(18), a mechanistic model to assess the ability of cells to pass through small constrictions and the role of the nucleus and other biophysical parameters is still lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Chemomechanical Model for Nuclear Morphology and Stresses during Cell Transendothelial Migration

Cao

Moeendarbary

Isermann

et al. 2016

Biophysical Journal

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116

160

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It is now evident that the cell nucleus undergoes dramatic shape changes during important cellular processes such as cell transmigration through extracellular matrix and endothelium. Recent experimental data suggest that during cell transmigration the deformability of the nucleus could be a limiting factor, and the morphological and structural alterations that the nucleus encounters can perturb genomic organization that in turn influences cellular behavior. Despite its importance, a biophysical model that connects the experimentally observed nuclear morphological changes to the underlying biophysical factors during transmigration through small constrictions is still lacking. Here, we developed a universal chemomechanical model that describes nuclear strains and shapes and predicts thresholds for the rupture of the nuclear envelope and for nuclear plastic deformation during transmigration through small constrictions. The model includes actin contraction and cytosolic back pressure that squeeze the nucleus through constrictions and overcome the mechanical resistance from deformation of the nucleus and the constrictions. The nucleus is treated as an elastic shell encompassing a poroelastic material representing the nuclear envelope and inner nucleoplasm, respectively. Tuning the chemomechanical parameters of different components such as cell contractility and nuclear and matrix stiffnesses, our model predicts the lower bounds of constriction size for successful transmigration. Furthermore, treating the chromatin as a plastic material, our model faithfully reproduced the experimentally observed irreversible nuclear deformations after transmigration in lamin-A/C-deficient cells, whereas the wild-type cells show much less plastic deformation. Along with making testable predictions, which are in accord with our experiments and existing literature, our work provides a realistic framework to assess the biophysical modulators of nuclear deformation during cell transmigration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Chemomechanical Model for Nuclear Morphology and Stresses during Cell Transendothelial Migration

Cao

Moeendarbary

Isermann

et al. 2016

Biophysical Journal

Self Cite

116

160

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“…Authors consider the cell as a separate phase material, which consist 60% of water. They suggested that this component acts as a determining factor of the cytoskeleton behavior [2]. This assumption is not new, it had been used in earlier publications, where interactions of water and proteins were analyzed [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to this model, cytoplasm is a flexible and durable mesh which is sensitive to pressure changes inside the cell. Viscoelastic properties of the biological cell depends on the flow of the not-cellular fluid in response to mechanical impact [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Mechanical Properties of Soft Tissues during Selected Pathological Processes

Kmiecik¹,

Skotny²,

Detyna³

2017

Gen Med (Los Angeles)

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Pathological process often modifies the structure of the soft tissue and can lead changes of mechanical properties. The regularity of this relationship has already been used in the elastography and currently it is applied in medical diagnostic. Tissue stiffness can be identified by a quick measurement but more accurate details can be obtained only by biopsy. Studies, presented in a scientific literature, focus only on pathological stiffness or consider only changes in biochemical structure. These researches revealed two very important components of those modifications -elastin and collagen. Soft tissues are multicomponent, inhomogeneous and anisotropic structures. Their functionality depends on complicated processes on molecular level. Probably the individual components of the tissue can effect on each other. They may promote creation of processes, which can participate in modifications of elasticity. For this reason, it is very important to relate changes on the structural level with mechanical properties. This information can be very helpful in diagnosis and treatment of soft tissue disease.

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“…Moreover, there are a few studies of cell nanostructure under endotoxemia. Modern biomedical technologies used for this purpose offer new opportunities to reveal pathophysiological regularities of the disease presentation in different groups of patients [3].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural AFM Markers of Endogenous Intoxication in Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Kotelnikov¹,

Karpenko²,

Kim³

et al. 2017

Sovrem Tehnol Med

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The aim of the investigation was to assess the information content of the parameters of atomic force microscopy to characterize the severity of endogenous intoxication in community-acquired pneumonia according to the findings of ultrastructural parameters of red blood cells.Materials and Methods. Using atomic force microscopy we studied nanoanatomical and micromechanical indices of red blood cells in 71 patients with severe and mild community-acquired pneumonia aged 18-23 (mean age: 20.4±0.6 years) against the background of endogenous intoxication of varying severity. The control group consisted of 20 volunteers. Red blood cell samples were taken on admission, and on days 3, 7 and 14 after hospitalization. To determine their morphological features, a contact mode of nanomechanical mapping was used. Endogenous intoxication severity was assessed according to standard clinical and laboratory parameters including hematological, biochemical and immunological markers.Results. We obtained the reference values of micromechanical parameters of erythrocyte membranes in healthy young subjects and in patients with community-acquired pneumonia of varying severity of endogenous intoxication. The values can serve as a guide for future researches in similar samplings. Viscoelasticity properties of erythrocyte membranes in the disease were found to be closely related to endotoxemia intensity. In disease progression, the elasticity modulus and adhesion force of erythrocyte membrane decreased by 5.2 and 2.4, respectively, while the strain increased by 2.6. A correlation analysis revealed the presence of strong interrelations between the parameters characterizing endogenous intoxication severity (average-weight molecules, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor, leukocyte, nuclear, hematological indices of intoxication, etc.), and micromechanical parameters of cell membranes. The indices of geometric "portrait" of red blood cells (area, diameter, rim height, etc.) did not differ significantly indicating the stability of their cytoskeleton.Conclusion. The studies prove the information content of micromechanical parameters of erythrocyte membranes by atomic force microscopy to characterize the severity of endogenous intoxication in community-acquired pneumonia. The findings complement the presentation of pathophysiological sequelae of endogenous intoxication, their effect on the ultrastructure of cells and adaptive nature of the changes in micromechanical properties of membranes.

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Cell mechanics: principles, practices, and prospects

Cited by 249 publications

References 121 publications

A Chemomechanical Model for Nuclear Morphology and Stresses during Cell Transendothelial Migration

A Chemomechanical Model for Nuclear Morphology and Stresses during Cell Transendothelial Migration

Structure and Mechanical Properties of Soft Tissues during Selected Pathological Processes

Ultrastructural AFM Markers of Endogenous Intoxication in Community-Acquired Pneumonia

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