Cell markers and determinants in fish immunology

Randelli, Elisa; Buonocore, Francesco; Scapigliati, Giuseppe

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2008.03.019

Cited by 103 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 213 publications

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“…Fish have less developed and slower immune responses compared to other higher vertebrate animals (Manning 1998). Activation of the adaptive immune system requires specifi c receptor selection, cellular proliferation, and protein synthesis, and all of these are limited by temperature (Harding and Neefjes 2005, Huttenhuis et al 2005, Randelli et al 2008. For example, salmonids require 4-6 weeks, while Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua Linnaeus, 1758 needs 10-12 weeks to exhibit the specifi c immune responses (Ellis 2001a, Magnadóttir et al 2001.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidation of innate immune components in the epidermal mucus of different freshwater fish species

Timalata

Krishnaveni

Rao

et al. 2015

Acta Ichthyol. Piscat.

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., Arockiaraj J. 2015. Elucidation of innate immune components in the epidermal mucus of different freshwater fi sh species. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 45 (3): 221-230.Background. Fish epidermal mucus is a key component of innate immune system and plays a major role in protecting fi sh against invading pathogenic microbes. The information on the role of epidermal mucus components is insuffi cient for many commercially important freshwater fi sh species. Hence, this study was directed to understand the innate immune components of epidermal mucus in these fi sh species. Materials and methods. Mucus samples were obtained from African catfi sh, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822); Indonesian snakehead, Channa micropeltes (Cuvier, 1831); striped snakehead, Channa striatus (Bloch, 1793); marble goby, Oxyeleotris marmorata (Bleeker, 1852); Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758); and Asian redtail catfi sh, Hemibagrus nemurus (Valenciennes, 1840). The variation in the protein profi le of the mucus were observed using SDS-PAGE analysis. The specifi c activities of various hydrolytic enzymes including lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase, esterase, and protease were analysed in the mucus and the levels of enzyme activities were compared among the experimental fi shes. We also elucidated the effect of various protease inhibitors on the protease activity and identifi ed the type of proteases in the fi sh mucus by azocasein hydrolysis assay and zymography. Results. Signifi cantly (P < 0.05) highest levels of lysozyme-, alkaline phosphatase-, and esterase activities were observed to be 15.77, 18.96, and 10.65 U · mg -1 protein respectively in C. striatus followed by 13.67, 15.06, and 16.67 U · mg -1 protein, respectively in C. gariepinus. The highest level of protease activity was recorded in H. nemurus (1630.97 U · mg -1 protein) and C. gariepinus (1596.4 U · mg -1 protein). A wide range of variation was noticed in the enzyme activities of fi shes, even from the same genus, for example C. micropeltes and C. striatus. Specifi c inhibitors were added to azocasein hydrolysis assay and zymography experiments to characterize the individual proteases present in the mucus of each fi sh species. This result revealed the highest level of serine proteases in mucus of redtail catfi sh and African catfi sh compared to cysteine and metalloproteases. In contrast, Indonesian snakehead and marble goby had similar levels of serine, cysteine and metalloproteases. Conclusion. This study provides an insight into the presence of various epidermal mucus enzymes in fi shes and therefore believed to be the components of innate immune system that may possibly provide protection for the fi sh against invading pathogenic microbes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidation of innate immune components in the epidermal mucus of different freshwater fish species

Timalata

Krishnaveni

Rao

et al. 2015

Acta Ichthyol. Piscat.

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“…[14] managed to pull through the isolation, identification and characterization of surface Myxobolus koi glycoproteins as an immunogenic antigen for antibody production. [15] also successfully characterized each protein size of the whole protein from Myxobolus koi spore using SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Carp Immunoglobulin M Exposed with Whole Protein from Myxobolus koi Spore through Feed as an Immunostimulant

Saad¹,

Mahasri²,

Satyantini³

2018

Proceedings of the 1st International Conference Postgraduate School Universitas Airlangga : "Implementation of Climate Change A

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“…The study of fish immune responses requires optimal molecular markers to characterize the involvement of cellular and humoral components of both innate and adaptive responses (Randelli et al, 2008;Narváez et al, 2010). Moreover, the generation of in vitro models has allowed the identification of key pro-inflammatory cytokines expressed in response to challenges with PAMPs and pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameters to evaluate the immunostimulant effect of Zymosan A in head kidney leucocytes (HKL) of salmonids

Abarca

Bethke

Narváez

et al. 2012

lajar

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ABSTRACT. The interest in characterizing fish immune responses against pathogens or discovering new immunostimulant molecules requires the use of mass screening techniques. The classical model has been the challenge in 1000 L tanks, using a high number of fishes, resulting in high economic cost. In this work, the purpose was to minimize the costs of such tests using in vitro cellular models. In primary cultures of head kidney leucocytes (HKL) immune response to Zymosan A, a type of β-glucan, was evaluated. The quantification and detection of pro-inflammatory cytokines was done based on both enzymatic activity and ELISA. The activity of phagocyte oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was measured indirectly through NBT reduction by reactive oxygen species and Griess reaction to nitric oxide, respectively. For detecting pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, monospecific antibodies generated in our laboratory were used by indirect ELISA. The immune parameters were evaluated at different concentration of Zymosan A and the evolution of the immune response over time was established. The results suggest the better time for evaluating the immunostimulant capacity of glucans and the appropriate dose of it, which is required to demonstrate the activation of macrophages (ROS and iNOS) and the production of proinflammatory molecules, both as indicators of good immune response. Currently, work is being conducted improving these methods, creating an ELISA sandwich and generating antibodies against total proteins of HKL for pre-absorption of induced samples. In particular, the implementation of ELISA for the characterization of cytokine secretion profiles is a biotechnological contribution in aquaculture, which has not been implemented before this work. Keywords: head kidney leucocytes, Zymosan A, fish innate immunity. salmonids, Chile.Parámetros para la evaluación del efecto de Zimosán A como inmunoestimulante sobre leucocitos de riñón cefálico (HKL) de salmónidos RESUMEN. El interés en la caracterización de la respuesta inmune de peces contra patógenos o el descubrimiento de nuevas moléculas inmunoestimulantes, requiere el uso de técnicas de uso masivo y rápido. El modelo clásico ha sido el desafío en estanques de 1000 L, con un elevado número de peces, lo que tiene un alto costo económico. El objetivo de este trabajo fue reducir al mínimo los costos de dichos ensayos, utilizando modelos celulares in vitro. Para ello, se evaluó el efecto del inmunoestimulante de Zymosan A, un tipo de β-glucano, sobre la respuesta inmune en cultivos primarios de leucocitos de riñón cefálico (HKL), mediante la cuantificación enzimática y la detección de citoquinas pro-inflamatorias. La actividad de la fagocito oxidasa y de la óxido nítrico sintetasa inducible (iNOS), se midió indirectamente a través de la reducción de NBT, por especies reactivas de oxígeno, y la reacción de Griess para óxido nítrico, respectivamente. La detección de citoquinas pro-inflamatorias como el TNF-α, IL-6 e IL-1β, se realizó mediante E...

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Cell markers and determinants in fish immunology

Cited by 103 publications

References 213 publications

Elucidation of innate immune components in the epidermal mucus of different freshwater fish species

Elucidation of innate immune components in the epidermal mucus of different freshwater fish species

Production of Carp Immunoglobulin M Exposed with Whole Protein from Myxobolus koi Spore through Feed as an Immunostimulant

Parameters to evaluate the immunostimulant effect of Zymosan A in head kidney leucocytes (HKL) of salmonids

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