Cell Line Techniques and Gene Editing Tools for Antibody Production: A Review

Abstract

The present day modern formulation practices for drugs are based on newer tools and techniques toward effective utilization. The methods of antibody formulations are to be revolutionized based on techniques of cell engineering and gene editing. In the present review, we have discussed innovations in cell engineering toward production of novel antibodies for therapeutic applications. Moreover, this review deciphers the use of RNAi, ribozyme engineering, CRISPR-Cas-based techniques for better strategies for antibody production. Overall, this review describes the multidisciplinary aspects of the production of therapeutic proteins that has gained more attention due to its increasing demand.

Peptides, Antibodies, Peptide Antibodies and More

“…Other notable examples are recombinant MAbs to tumour necrosis factor, TNF, and programmed death-1, PD-1, used for treating rheumatoid arthritis and malignant melanoma, respectively [74,75]. Recombinant Abs may be produced in various systems, including mammalian cell lines, yeasts, and phage display [90,113]. For phage display, engineered single chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies are a preferred format due to the reduced size, which makes expression and production easier.…”

Systems Biology Approaches for Therapeutics Development Against COVID-19

“…Artificial intelligence plays a vital role in this global scenario to fight against COVID-19. Artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques have helped to group data of genomic taxonomic classification, detection assay based on CRISPR (Dangi et al, 2018;Vashistha et al, 2018), endurance calculation of patients, and identifying probable drug candidates for COVID-19. Metsky et al screened SARS-CoV-2 by machine learning designs employing a CRISPR-based virus detection system with high speed and sensitivity (Metsky et al, 2020).…”

Applying switchable Cas9 variants to in vivo gene editing for therapeutic applications

“…Therefore, it is theoretically possible to use SpCas9 and its variants to target nearly any gene. Given the simplicity and versatility, there has been an exponential use of SpCas9 in in vitro and in vivo genome editing reported in the literature (Dangi et al 2018;Nishitani et al 2019).…”

“…Gene therapy is a tool to treat or cure diseases by modifying a patient's genotype. Modifications include replacing a lack-of-function gene with its wild-type sequence, silencing a disease-causing gene that is constitutively active, or introducing a new gene of novel function to treat a disease (Dangi et al 2018;Gupta and Shukla 2017). Therefore, gene therapy is complementary to existing therapeutic approaches and provides an obvious solution to diseases with a clear genetic origin (Anguela and High 2019).…”