Cell free preparations of probiotics exerted antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against multidrug resistant E. coli

Abstract

The sharp increase in antibiotic resistance imposes a global threat to human health and the discovery of effective antimicrobial alternatives is needed. The use of probiotics to combat bacterial pathogens has gained a rising interest. Pathogenic is causative of multiple clinical syndromes such as diarrheal diseases, meningitis and urinary tract infections. In this work, we evaluated the efficacy of probiotics to control multidrug-resistant and reduce their ability to form biofilms. Six resistant to at least five antibiotics (Ceftazidime, Ampicillin, Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid and Ceftriaxone) were isolated in this work. Preparations of cell-free spent media (CFSM) of six probiotics belonging to the genus and which were grown in Man-Rogosa-Sharpe (MRS) broth exhibited strong antibacterial activity (inhibition zones of 11.77-23.10 mm) against all isolates. Two isolates, namely WW1 and IC2, which were most resistant to all antibiotics were subjected to antibiofilm experiments. Interestingly, the CFSM of MRS fermented by all probiotics resulted in inhibition of biofilm formation while caused highest inhibition (57.94%) in case of IC2 biofilms and was responsible for 64.57% reduction of WW1 biofilms. On the other hand, CFSM of skim milk fermented by and exhibited a slight inhibitory activity against IC2 isolate (inhibition percentage of 31.52 and 17. 68, respectively) while WW1 isolate biofilms was reduced by CFSM of milk fermented by and (70.81 and 69.49 reduction percentage, respectively). These results support the effective use of probiotics as antimicrobial alternatives and to eradicate biofilms formed by multidrug-resistant .

Postbiotics against Pathogens Commonly Involved in Pediatric Infectious Diseases

“…Accumulated evidence from in vitro studies supports the use of postbiotics for the protection against infectious diseases. One prominent attempt was made by Abdelhamid and coworkers, showing that six CFS were able to reduce the growth of two multi-resistant clinical E. coli isolates (WW1 and IC2) [ 56 ]. Furthermore, all six CFS derived from Man–Rogosa–Sharpe (MRS) broth or skim milk were effective in inhibiting the biofilm formation of both E. coli strains, except for skim milk CFS that exhibited zero or slight E. coli IC2 biofilm inhibition.…”

Beneficial Effects of Probiotic Consumption on the Immune System

“…Namely, protection against infections [5][6][7], relief of irritable bowel symptoms [8], inhibition of Helicobacter pylori growth [9], prevention of cancer [10][11][12], decrease in gut inflammatory response [13], and prevention of allergies [14,15]. In humans, although probiotics have shown encouraging results in several health conditions like diabetes, multi-drug resistant pathogens, irritable bowel syndrome [16][17][18], exhaustive research is still required to incorporate probiotics into human health, nutrition, and regulation of different abnormalities.…”

Current Antibiotic Resistance Trends of Uropathogens in Central Europe: Survey from a Tertiary Hospital Urology Department 2011–2019

“…Antimicrobial agents with non-traditional therapeutic targets (virulence factors inactivators, inhibitors of adhesion and biofilm formation, monoclonal antibodies against bacterial exotoxins, quorum-sensing and other communication channels disrupting agents or those countering immune evasion) are being developed but not yet ready for clinical use [ 28 ]. The same holds true for alternative substances with antimicrobial effect, such as zinc-oxide nano-particles [ 29 ], cell-free probiotic suspensions [ 30 ], essential oils [ 31 ], or phage therapy [ 32 ].…”