Cell-Free Glucosyltransferase in Saliva (Short Communication)

Scheie, Anne Aamdal; Rölla, Gunnar

doi:10.1159/000260956

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Gtf can be readily assayed in whole saliva from many persons, particularly those who are caries active [Scheie and Rölla, 1986; Scheie et al, 1987; Vacca-Smith et al, 2007]. Gtfs are remarkably stable even in whole saliva; measured amounts of purified Gtf enzymes added to whole saliva remained completely active for up to 4 h at least [Vacca-Smith et al, 1996b].…”

Section: Role Of Gtfs In Dental Plaque Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology of <i>Streptococcus mutans-</i>Derived Glucosyltransferases: Role in Extracellular Matrix Formation of Cariogenic Biofilms

Bowen

Koo²

2011

Caries Res

872

1,016

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The importance of Streptococcus mutans in the etiology and pathogenesis of dental caries is certainly controversial, in part because excessive attention is paid to the numbers of S. mutans and acid production while the matrix within dental plaque has been neglected. S. mutans does not always dominate within plaque; many organisms are equally acidogenic and aciduric. It is also recognized that glucosyltransferases from S. mutans (Gtfs) play critical roles in the development of virulent dental plaque. Gtfs adsorb to enamel synthesizing glucans in situ, providing sites for avid colonization by microorganisms and an insoluble matrix for plaque. Gtfs also adsorb to surfaces of other oral microorganisms converting them to glucan producers. S. mutans expresses 3 genetically distinct Gtfs; each appears to play a different but overlapping role in the formation of virulent plaque. GtfC is adsorbed to enamel within pellicle whereas GtfB binds avidly to bacteria promoting tight cell clustering, and enhancing cohesion of plaque. GtfD forms a soluble, readily metabolizable polysaccharide and acts as a primer for GtfB. The behavior of soluble Gtfs does not mirror that observed with surface-adsorbed enzymes. Furthermore, the structure of polysaccharide matrix changes over time as a result of the action of mutanases and dextranases within plaque. Gtfs at distinct loci offer chemotherapeutic targets to prevent caries. Nevertheless, agents that inhibit Gtfs in solution frequently have a reduced or no effect on adsorbed enzymes. Clearly, conformational changes and reactions of Gtfs on surfaces are complex and modulate the pathogenesis of dental caries in situ, deserving further investigation.

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Section: Role Of Gtfs In Dental Plaque Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology of <i>Streptococcus mutans-</i>Derived Glucosyltransferases: Role in Extracellular Matrix Formation of Cariogenic Biofilms

Bowen

Koo²

2011

Caries Res

872

1,016

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“…43 They are detectable in new pellicle within minutes forming water-soluble and -insoluble glucans mainly from sucrose. 43,44 These glucans also serve as specific receptors for bacterial adherence 22 and are components of the later extracellular matrix of the bacterial biofilm; glucan formation is increased due to starch hydrolysates after amylase cleavage 35 (Fig.2). These multiple interactions of amylase with bacteria and bacterial enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism at the tooth surface clearly indicate that amylase is an important enzyme in caries initiation.…”

Section: Role Of α-Amylase In Initial Bioadhesion In Manmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary amylase – The enzyme of unspecialized euryphagous animals

Boehlke

Zierau

Hannig

2015

Archives of Oral Biology

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“…One virulence factor of mutans streptococci is the ability to adhere and accumulate on teeth by the production of extracellular glucans. These glucans are synthesized by extracellular glucosyltransferases (GTF) (112–114), which are anionic proteins (16).…”

Section: Glucosyltransferasementioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymes in the acquired enamel pellicle

Hannig

Attin

2005

European J Oral Sciences

207

152

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The acquired pellicle is a biofilm, free of bacteria, covering oral hard and soft tissues. It is composed of mucins, glycoproteins and proteins, among which are several enzymes. This review summarizes the present state of research on enzymes and their functions in the dental pellicle. Theoretically, all enzymes present in the oral cavity could be incorporated into the pellicle, but apparently enzymes are adsorbed selectively onto dental surfaces. There is clear evidence that enzymes are structural elements of the pellicle. Thereby they exhibit antibacterial properties but also facilitate bacterial colonization of dental hard tissues. Moreover, the immobilized enzymes are involved in modification and in homeostasis of the salivary pellicle. It has been demonstrated that amylase, lysozyme, carbonic anhydrases, glucosyltransferases and fructosyltransferase are immobilized in an active conformation in the pellicle layer formed in vivo. Other enzymes, such as peroxidase or transglutaminase, have been investigated in experimental pellicles. Despite the depicted impact of enzymes on the formation and function of pellicle, broader knowledge on their properties in the in vivo-formed pellicle is required. This might be beneficial in the development of new preventive and diagnostic strategies.

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Cell-Free Glucosyltransferase in Saliva (Short Communication)

Cited by 13 publications

References 4 publications

Biology of <i>Streptococcus mutans-</i>Derived Glucosyltransferases: Role in Extracellular Matrix Formation of Cariogenic Biofilms

Biology of <i>Streptococcus mutans-</i>Derived Glucosyltransferases: Role in Extracellular Matrix Formation of Cariogenic Biofilms

Salivary amylase – The enzyme of unspecialized euryphagous animals

Enzymes in the acquired enamel pellicle

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