Cell-Free Demineralized Bone Matrix for Mesenchymal Stem Cells Survival and Colonization

Abstract

Decellularized bone matrix is receiving much attention as biological scaffolds and implantable biomaterials for bone tissue regeneration. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of a cell-free demineralized bone matrix on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) survival and differentiation in vitro. The seeding of human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (hUC-SCs) on decellularized bone matrices up to 14 days was exploited, assessing their capability of scaffold colonization and evaluating gene expression of bone markers. Light and Scanning Electron Microscopies were used. The obtained cell-free decalcified structures showed elastic moduli attributable to both topology and biochemical composition. Morphological observation evidenced an almost complete colonization of the scaffolds after 14 days of culture. Moreover, in hUC-SCs cultured on decalcified scaffolds, without the addition of any osteoinductive media, there was an upregulation of Collagen Type I (COL1) and osteonectin (ON) gene expression, especially on day 14. Modifications in the expression of genes engaged in stemness were also detected. In conclusion, the proposed decellularized bone matrix can induce the in vitro hUC-SCs differentiation and has the potential to be tested for in in vivo tissue regeneration.

Synergic effects of decellularized bone matrix, hydroxyapatite, and extracellular vesicles on repairing of the rabbit mandibular bone defect model

“…The demineralized decellularized scaffold was also used for bone tissue engineering. Both in vitro [31] and in vivo [15] studies showed that decellularized scaffolds had an osteoinductive effect, and it has a bene cial in uence on bone-speci c marker expression and calcium deposition [31]. Besides, in vivo tests showed a signi cantly higher number of osteoblast and bone areas in the defect lled with DC+HA compared to the control condition.…”

“…MTT test showed that cell proliferation decreased in 3D conditions. As the review article revealed, culturing on 3D scaffolds recapitulate the in vivo condition, and as a result, the cell proliferation is limited when compared to 2D condition [31]. In a study, MSCs were grown on a decalci ed bone loaded with MSC-derived ECVs.…”

Synergic effects of decellularized bone matrix, hydroxyapatite, and extracellular vesicles on repairing of the rabbit mandibular bone defect model

“…The demineralized decellularized scaffold was also used for bone tissue engineering. Both in vitro [ 31 ] and in vivo [ 15 ] studies showed that decellularized scaffolds had an osteoinductive effect, and it has a beneficial influence on bone-specific marker expression and calcium deposition [ 31 ]. Besides, in vivo tests showed a significantly higher number of osteoblast and bone areas in the defect filled with DC + HA compared to the control condition .…”

Synergic effects of decellularized bone matrix, hydroxyapatite, and extracellular vesicles on repairing of the rabbit mandibular bone defect model

“…The demineralized decellularized scaffold was also used for bone tissue engineering. Both in vitro [30] and in vivo [15] studies showed that decellularized scaffolds had an osteoinductive effect, and it has a beneficial influence on bone-specific marker expression and calcium deposition [30].…”

“…MTT test showed that cell proliferation decreased in 3D conditions. As the review article revealed, culturing on 3D scaffolds recapitulate the in vivo condition, and as a result, the cell proliferation is limited when compared to 2D condition [30]. In a study, MSCs were grown on a decalcified bone loaded with MSC-derived ECVs.…”