Cell Division Orientation in Animals

Gillies, Taryn E.; Cabernard, Clemens

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.06.055

Cited by 151 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…The normal vector to the division plane was deduced from the coordinates of the two centrosomes. The angle (a) between the apical plane and the division plane was calculated using the following formula: COS(a) ¼ |(x C 0 À x C )((y A2 À y A1 )(z A3 À z A1 ) À (y A3 À y A1 )(z A2 À z A1 )) þ (y C 0 À y C ) ((x A3 À x A1 )(z A2 À z A1 ) À (x A2 À x A1 )(z A3 À z A1 )) þ (z C 0 À z C )((x A2 À x A1 ) (y A3 À y A1 ) À (x A3 À x A1 )(y A2 À y A1 ))/(O((y A2 À y A1 ) Â (z A3 À z A1 ) À (y A3 À y A1 ) Â (z A2 À z A1 )) 2 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cerebrospinal fluid-derived Semaphorin3B orients neuroepithelial cell divisions in the apicobasal axis

et al. 2015

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The spatial orientation of cell divisions is fundamental for tissue architecture and homeostasis. Here we analysed neuroepithelial progenitors in the developing mouse spinal cord to determine whether extracellular signals orient the mitotic spindle. We report that Semaphorin3B (Sema3B) released from the floor plate and the nascent choroid plexus in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) controls progenitor division orientation. Delivery of exogenous Sema3B to neural progenitors after neural tube opening in living embryos promotes planar orientation of their division. Preventing progenitor access to cues present in the CSF by genetically engineered canal obstruction affects the proportion of planar and oblique divisions. Sema3B knockout phenocopies the loss of progenitor access to the CSF. Sema3B binds to the apical surface of mitotic progenitors and exerts its effect via Neuropilin receptors, GSK3 activation and subsequent inhibition of the microtubule stabilizer CRMP2. Thus, extrinsic control mediated by the Semaphorin signalling orients progenitor divisions in neurogenic zones.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Up to now, the intrinsic molecular machinery positioning the mitotic spindle and its coupling to intrinsic cell polarities retained much attention [2][3][4] . Astral microtubules play a key role in division orientation by linking the mitotic spindle to the cell cortex and transmitting pulling forces to trigger the spindle motion.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cerebrospinal fluid-derived Semaphorin3B orients neuroepithelial cell divisions in the apicobasal axis

et al. 2015

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“…Drosophila neuroblast, the neural stem cells of the fly, are intrinsically polarized, manifested in the localization of an evolutionary conserved apical Par complex [consisting of Par6/atypical protein kinase C (aPKC)/Bazooka (Baz/Par3)] linked to Partner of Inscuteable (Pins)/Galphai(Gai)/Discs large (Dlg) via Inscuteable (Insc). This apical complex directs the localization of a basal complex of cell fate determinants containing the adaptor protein Miranda (Mira), Prospero (Pros), Brain tumor (Brat), and Numb [reviewed in [Knoblich, 2010;Gillies and Cabernard, 2011]. During asymmetric cell division, the basal proteins segregate into a physically smaller GMC, whereas the apical proteins are being retained in the large, self-renewed neuroblast.…”

Section: Cytokinesis In Asymmetrically Dividing Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokinesis inDrosophila melanogaster

Cabernard

2012

Cytoskeleton

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Cytokinesis is the process that physically separates two sibling cells, ensuring the proper partitioning of the nuclear and cytoplasmic contents at the end of cell division. Cytokinesis requires a fine-tuned molecular machinery that has to be assembled with high spatiotemporal precision. Drosophila melanogaster is an ideal model system to investigate this cellular process. Genetic screens performed in spermatocytes, neuroblasts, and Schneider cells revealed numerous evolutionary conserved components. These genetically amenable systems have proven to be very useful to further elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanism of cytokinesis, significantly contributing to our current understanding of this important cellular process. As in other organisms, cytokinesis is largely dependent on the mitotic spindle, providing positional cues for cleavage furrow placement and progression. However, spindle-independent mechanisms could also be important during special cases of cytokinesis, such as asymmetric cell division. Thus, powerful fly genetics combined with single-cell analysis, live imaging, and biochemical assays will continue to provide important insights into the mechanism of cytokinesis. V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

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“…The position of the mitotic spindle is regulated by pulling forces acting between the spindle poles and cortical microtubule attachment sites (1,2). The spindle position determines the cleavage plane and thereby influences the size and position of the newly forming daughter cells (3,4). A defined spatial organization of newly generated cells is crucial for creating complex 3D structures such as tubes, ducts, and vessels (5,6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and modeling of mitotic spindle orientations in three dimensions

Jüschke

Xie

Postiglione

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The orientation of the mitotic spindle determines the relative size and position of the daughter cells and influences the asymmetric inheritance of localized cell fate determinants. The onset of mammalian neurogenesis, for example, coincides with changes in spindle orientation. To address the functional implications of this and related phenomena, precise methods for determining the orientation of the mitotic spindle in complex tissues are needed. Here, we present methodology for the analysis of spindle orientation in 3D. Our method allows statistical analysis and modeling of spindle orientation and involves two parameters for horizontal and vertical bias that can unambiguously describe the distribution of spindle orientations in an experimental sample. We find that 3D analysis leads to systematically different results from 2D analysis and, surprisingly, truly random spindle orientations do not result in equal numbers of horizontal and vertical orientations. We show that our method can describe the distribution of spindle orientation angles under different biological conditions. As an example of biological application we demonstrate that the adapter protein Inscuteable (mInsc) can actively promote vertical spindle orientation in apical progenitors during mouse neurogenesis.

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Cell Division Orientation in Animals

Cited by 151 publications

References 91 publications

Cerebrospinal fluid-derived Semaphorin3B orients neuroepithelial cell divisions in the apicobasal axis

Cerebrospinal fluid-derived Semaphorin3B orients neuroepithelial cell divisions in the apicobasal axis

Cytokinesis inDrosophila melanogaster

Analysis and modeling of mitotic spindle orientations in three dimensions

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