Cell division in the olfactory epithelium of the lamprey, Lampetra fluviatilis

Thornhill, R. A.

doi:10.1007/bf00365237

Cited by 86 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Accordingly, most elasmobranchs seem to differ in their receptor ultrastructure from teleosts, which generally have ciliated and microvillous receptor cells (Yamamoto, 1982;Sorensen and Caprio, 1998). Interestingly, lampreys, Lampetra fluviatilis, only possess ciliated olfactory receptor cells (Thornhill, 1967). Takami et al (1994) distinguished two different receptor types in the clearnose skate (Levcoraja [formerly Raja] eglanteria), which is in accordance with the results of the present study; however, no crypt neuron-like cells like those described in Scyliorhinus canicula (Ferrando et al, 2006), zebrafish (Hansen and Zeiske, 1998), or several species of actinopterygian fish (Hansen and Finger, 2000) were observed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Morphometric and ultrastructural comparison of the olfactory system in elasmobranchs: The significance of structure–function relationships based on phylogeny and ecology

Schluessel

Bennett

Bleckmann

et al. 2008

Journal of Morphology

113

136

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This study investigated the relationship between olfactory morphology, habitat occupancy, and lifestyle in 21 elasmobranch species in a phylogenetic context. Four measures of olfactory capability, that is, the number of olfactory lamellae, the surface area of the olfactory epithelium, the mass of the olfactory bulb, and the mass of the olfactory rosette were compared between individual species and groups, comprised of species with similar habitat and/or lifestyle. Statistical analyses using generalized least squares phylogenetic regression revealed that bentho-pelagic sharks and rays possess significantly more olfactory lamellae and larger sensory epithelial surface areas than benthic species. There was no significant correlation between either olfactory bulb or rosette mass and habitat type. There was also no significant difference between the number of lamellae or the size of the sensory surface area in groups comprised of species with similar diets, that is, groups preying predominantly on crustaceans, cephalopods, echinoderms, polychaetes, molluscs, or teleosts. However, some groups had significantly larger olfactory bulb or rosette masses than others. There was little evidence to support a correlation between phylogeny and morphology, indicating that differences in olfactory capabilities are the result of functional rather than phylogenetic adaptations. All olfactory epithelia exhibited microvilli and cilia, with microvilli in both nonsensory and sensory areas, and cilia only in sensory areas. Cilia over the sensory epithelia originated from supporting cells. In contrast to teleosts, which possess ciliated and microvillous olfactory receptor types, no ciliated olfactory receptor cells were observed. This is the first comprehensive study comparing olfactory morphology to several aspects of elasmobranch ecology in a phylogenetic context.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Morphometric and ultrastructural comparison of the olfactory system in elasmobranchs: The significance of structure–function relationships based on phylogeny and ecology

Schluessel

Bennett

Bleckmann

et al. 2008

Journal of Morphology

113

136

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“…Graziadei (Thornhill 1970) to primates (Graziadei et al 1980). Mature olfactory neurons die and are replaced from undifferentiated neuroblasts over the entire life span of the individual.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell death in the olfactory epithelium

Magrassi

Graziadei

1995

Anat Embryol

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In the nervous system of vertebrates the olfactory epithelium presents unique cytological characteristics. In the olfactory mucosa, olfactory neurons die and are replaced from undifferentiated neuroblasts over the entire life span of the animal. It remains unclear whether these neurons die as a result of a direct insult from the environment or in fulfillment of a physiological program of cell death. We have studied the distribution and the characteristics of cell death in the olfactory epithelium of normal, adult rats. The olfactory epithelium contains pycnotic bodies resembling those described for thymocytes undergoing terminal apoptotic changes. These appear at all levels in the epithelium, under both light and electron microscopes and can also be demonstrated after vital staining with acridine orange. Chromatin condensation into large blocks, often located at the nuclear periphery, is a morphological hallmark of the nuclei of mature olfactory neurons, which also present an increase in electron density of the cytoplasm. After non-radioactive in situ labeling of fragmented DNA, the nuclei of olfactory neurons are positive. Under the same reaction conditions (mild protease digestion), most of the nuclei of the supporting and basal cells are negative. In vivo incorporation of 5-bromouridine, a marker of RNA synthesis, is also lower in olfactory neurons than in basal and supporting cells. These findings suggest that olfactory neurons are committed very early to physiological cell death.

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“…One reason why the olfactory system is ideal for investigations into adult neural plasticity is that new neurons are born throughout life in the periphery (Moulton et al, 1970;Thornhill, 1970;Graziadei and Monti-Graziadei, 1980) as well as centrally (Altman, 1969;Kaplan and Hinds, 1977;Byrd and Brunjes, 2001). The zebrafish, Danio rerio, has quickly become a common model system for a variety of studies.…”

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confidence: 99%

Apoptosis following peripheral sensory deafferentation in the olfactory bulb of adult zebrafish

VanKirk

Byrd

2002

J of Comparative Neurology

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Removal of the olfactory organ in adult zebrafish results in a significant decrease in volume of the ipsilateral olfactory bulb. The current study investigated the potential role of apoptosis in this phenomenon. It was hypothesized that cells in the adult olfactory bulb normally undergo minimal apoptosis and that apoptosis increases upon removal of sensory stimulation. By using both the terminal transferase-mediated deoxyuridine nick-end labeling method and bis-benzimide labeling, the current study showed that, in the normal adult olfactory bulb, cells exhibiting apoptotic profiles were scarce and were localized to the outer layers of the bulb. However, in deafferented animals, there was a significant increase in the number of apoptotic cells. The apoptotic response occurred in two phases and was confined to the rostral half of the bulb. The first phase of cell death peaked at 1 hour postsurgery. These apoptotic profiles appeared to be primarily nonneuronal in nature, in that they exhibited no immunohistochemical labeling to the neuron-specific protein Hu. The second phase of cell death peaked at 24 hours and declined to normal levels by 1 week. At the 24 hour time point, only a fraction of the apoptotic cells was neuronal in nature. Thus, apoptosis of nonneuronal and neuronal elements accounts for at least part of the deafferentation-induced volume decrease in the zebrafish olfactory bulb. This model of anterograde transneuronal degeneration will be useful in elucidating the afferent signals involved in survival and maintenance of mature brain neurons.

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Cell division in the olfactory epithelium of the lamprey, Lampetra fluviatilis

Cited by 86 publications

References 14 publications

Morphometric and ultrastructural comparison of the olfactory system in elasmobranchs: The significance of structure–function relationships based on phylogeny and ecology

Morphometric and ultrastructural comparison of the olfactory system in elasmobranchs: The significance of structure–function relationships based on phylogeny and ecology

Cell death in the olfactory epithelium

Apoptosis following peripheral sensory deafferentation in the olfactory bulb of adult zebrafish

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