Cell division geometries as central organizers of early embryo development

Sallé, Jérémy; Minc, Nicolas

doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.08.004

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 122 publications

(177 reference statements)

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“…To decipher mechanisms which regulate spindle planarity, we first explored the role of cell geometry, which generally orients spindles along the long cell shape axis (Lechler and Mapelli, 2021; Salle and Minc, 2021). We imaged cell contours in live tissues using td-Tomato organoids.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Length-limitation of astral microtubules orients cell divisions in intestinal crypts

Saleh

Marc-Antoine

Olivia

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Planar spindle orientation is critical for epithelial tissue organization, and generally instructed from the long cell shape axis or cortical polarity domains. We introduced mouse intestinal organoid crypts to study spindle orientation in a monolayered mammalian epithelium. Although spindles were planar in this tissue, mitotic cells remained elongated along the apico-basal axis and polarity complexes were segregated to basal poles, so that spindles oriented in an unconventional manner, orthogonal to both polarity and geometric cues. Using high-resolution 3D imaging, simulations, cell shape and cytoskeleton manipulations, we show that planar divisions resulted from a length-limitation in mitotic-phase astral microtubules which precludes them from interacting with basal polarity, and oriented spindles from the local geometry of apical domains. Accordingly, lengthening microtubules affected spindle planarity, cell positioning and crypt arrangement. We conclude that microtubule length regulation may serve as a key mechanism for spindles to sense local cell shapes and tissue forces to preserve mammalian epithelial architecture.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Length-limitation of astral microtubules orients cell divisions in intestinal crypts

Saleh

Marc-Antoine

Olivia

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Although cell-lineage has been established for many species, few studies focused on the cell-to-cell variability in spatial arrangement or cleavage timing (Anderson et al, 2017; Kelly et al, 1978; Olivier et al, 2010; Van et al, 1981; Villoutreix et al, 2016), with the exception of active desynchronisation described in Ascidian embryos (Dumollard et al, 2013; Dumollard et al, 2017; Sallé and Minc, 2022) and in human embryos (Mashiko et al, 2022; Roux, 1995). With a small number of cells and progressively accumulating variabilities in space and time, early mammalian embryos present an excellent opportunity to measure the building of variabilities during development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal variability and cell mechanics control robustness in mammalian embryogenesis

Fabrèges

Corominas-Murtra

Moghe

et al. 2023

Preprint

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How living systems achieve precision in form and function despite their intrinsic stochasticity is a fundamental yet open question in biology. Here, we establish a quantitative morphomap of pre-implantation embryogenesis in mouse, rabbit and monkey embryos, which reveals that although blastomere divisions desynchronise passively without compensation, 8-cell embryos still display robust 3D structure. Using topological analysis and genetic perturbations in mouse, we show that embryos progressively change their cellular connectivity to a preferred topology, which can be predicted by a simple physical model where noise and actomyosin-driven compaction facilitate topological transitions lowering surface energy. This favours the most compact embryo packing at the 8- and 16-cell stage, thus promoting higher number of inner cells. Impairing mitotic desynchronisation reduces embryo packing compactness and generates significantly more cell mis-allocation and a lower proportion of inner-cell-mass-fated cells, suggesting that stochasticity in division timing contributes to achieving robust patterning and morphogenesis.

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“…The fact that commitment occurs over the backdrop of cell division may offer hypotheses. Unequal inheritance or asymmetrical segregation of fate determining organelles or molecules is well established in the differentiation of mammalian cells and embryos [ 77 , 78 ] and could be at play here. We note an abundance of sex-specific noncoding RNAs in Cryptosporidium [ 79 ] as one set of potential candidates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Live imaging of the Cryptosporidium parvum life cycle reveals direct development of male and female gametes from type I meronts

et al. 2022

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Cryptosporidium is a leading infectious cause of diarrhea around the world associated with waterborne outbreaks, community spread, or zoonotic transmission. The parasite has significant impact on early childhood mortality, and infection is both a consequence and cause of malnutrition and stunting. There is currently no vaccine, and treatment options are very limited. Cryptosporidium is a member of the Apicomplexa, and, as typical for this, protist phylum relies on asexual and sexual reproduction. In contrast to other Apicomplexa, including the malaria parasite Plasmodium, the entire Cryptosporidium life cycle unfolds in a single host in less than 3 days. Here, we establish a model to image life cycle progression in living cells and observe, track, and compare nuclear division of asexual and sexual stage parasites. We establish the length and sequence of the cell cycles of all stages and map the developmental fate of parasites across multiple rounds of invasion and egress. We propose that the parasite executes an intrinsic program of 3 generations of asexual replication, followed by a single generation of sexual stages that is independent of environmental stimuli. We find no evidence for a morphologically distinct intermediate stage (the tetraploid type II meront) but demonstrate direct development of gametes from 8N type I meronts. The progeny of each meront is collectively committed to either asexual or sexual fate, but, importantly, meronts committed to sexual fate give rise to both males and females. We define a Cryptosporidium life cycle matching Tyzzer’s original description and inconsistent with the coccidian life cycle now shown in many textbooks.

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Cell division geometries as central organizers of early embryo development

Cited by 13 publications

References 122 publications

Length-limitation of astral microtubules orients cell divisions in intestinal crypts

Length-limitation of astral microtubules orients cell divisions in intestinal crypts

Temporal variability and cell mechanics control robustness in mammalian embryogenesis

Live imaging of the Cryptosporidium parvum life cycle reveals direct development of male and female gametes from type I meronts

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