Cell Division and Expansion in Petals during Flower Development and Opening in &lt;i&gt;Eustoma grandiflorum&lt;/i&gt;

Norikoshi, Ryo; Shibata, Takehiko; Ichimura, Kazuo

doi:10.2503/hortj.mi-071

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…1). This result is consistent with that reported previously (Norikoshi et al, 2016). We observed that the basal parts of petals at stage 5 secreted an unknown sticky substance, which may be responsible for the marked increase in dry weight.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Petal growth associated with flower opening has been found to be due mainly to cell expansion in many plants including G. grandiflora (Koning, 1984), the rose (Yamada et al, 2009a), and T. caerulea (Norikoshi , 2013). Similarly, petal growth during flower opening was dependent on cell expansion in Eustoma (Norikoshi et al, 2016). Osmotic potential was lower in the symplast than in the apoplast in the petals at stage 2 (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, most plastids, which were frequently observed in stage 2, disappeared at stage 5 (Norikoshi et al, 2016). However, the increase in glucose and sucrose contents during flower opening was much lower than the starch content (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, flower opening in the rose (Yamada et al, 2009b) and Tweedia caerulea (Norikoshi et al, 2013) is mainly due to cell expansion. Also, the final stage of petal growth associated with flower opening is due to cell expansion in Eustoma (Norikoshi et al, 2016). Cell expansion requires accumulation of osmotically active compounds, which facilitate water influx to the cell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of Soluble Carbohydrates and Their Subcellular Concentrations in Petals during Flower Opening in <i>Eustoma grandiflorum</i>

et al. 2016

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Petal growth associated with flower opening is due to cell expansion. To elucidate the role of soluble carbohydrates in expansion of petal cells in Eustoma grandiflorum, its soluble carbohydrates were identified, and changes in their subcellular concentrations during flower opening were investigated. In addition to glucose, fructose, sucrose, and myo-inositol, D-bornesitol was identified using 1 H-NMR. D-Bornesitol was the major soluble carbohydrate in leaves and stems. Given that cyclitols are known to be the translocated carbohydrates in alfalfa, phloem exudate was analyzed. However, the translocated carbohydrate was suggested to be sucrose, and not D-bornesitol. In the petals, glucose and sucrose content increased whereas D-bornesitol and myo-inositol contents were almost constant during flower opening. The fructose content in petals was very low. Glucose, sucrose, myo-inositol, and D-bornesitol were found mainly in the vacuole, although sucrose was also found in the cytoplasm. In the petals of open flowers, glucose and sucrose concentrations in the vacuole increased to 60 and 53 mM. Inorganic ion concentrations in the symplast and apoplast did not increase during flower opening. The osmotic potential of the symplast and apoplast in the petals was lower at the open stage than the potential of those at the bud stage, and this difference was mainly attributed to increases in glucose and sucrose concentrations. The results suggest that the accumulation of glucose and sucrose in the vacuole reduces the symplastic osmotic potential, which appears to be involved in the cell expansion associated with flower opening, but that the contribution of D-bornesitol as an osmoticum to cell expansion is limited in Eustoma.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of Soluble Carbohydrates and Their Subcellular Concentrations in Petals during Flower Opening in <i>Eustoma grandiflorum</i>

et al. 2016

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“…These results were coincident with results in Gaillardia grandi ora [23], carnation [24] and T. caerulea [16], indicating that the cell division ceased and cell expansion occurred during oral opening process. However, in rose [25] and E. grandi orum [26] cell division and cell expansion simultaneously appeared during this process. What's more, based on TEM observation, it was found that vacuole occupied most area of adaxial petal epidermal cells in O. fragrans (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Transcriptomic analysis of flower opening response to relatively low temperatures in Osmanthus fragrans

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Sweet osmanthus ( Osmanthus fragrans Lour.) is one of the top ten traditional ornamental flowers in China. The flowering time of once-flowering cultivars in O . fragrans is greatly affected by the relatively low temperature, but there are few reports on its molecular mechanism to date. A hypothesis had been raised that genes related with flower opening might be up-regulated in response to relatively low temperature in O . fragrans . Thus, our work was aimed to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of flower opening regulated by relatively low temperature in O . fragrans . Results: The cell size of adaxial and abaxial petal epidermal cells and ultrastructural morphology of petal cells at different developmental stages were observed. The cell size of adaxial and abaxial petal epidermal cells increased gradually with the process of flower opening. Then the transcriptomic sequencing was employed to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under different number of days’ treatments with relatively low temperatures (19°C) or 23°C. Analysis of DEGs in Gene Ontology analysis showed that “metabolic process”, “cellular process”, “binding”, “catalytic activity”, “cell”, “cell part”, “membrane”, “membrane part”, “single-organism process”, and “organelle” were highly enriched. In KEGG analysis, “metabolic pathways”, “biosynthesis of secondary metabolites”, “plant-pathogen interaction”, “starch and sucrose metabolism”, and “plant hormone signal transduction” were the top five pathways containing the greatest number of DEGs. The DEGs involved in cell wall metabolism, phytohormone signal transduction pathways, and eight kinds of transcription factors were analyzed in depth. Conclusions: Several unigenes involved in cell wall metabolism, phytohormone signal transduction pathway, and transcription factors with highly variable expression levels between different temperature treatments may be involved in petal cell expansion during flower opening process in response to the relatively low temperature. These results could improve our understanding of the molecular mechanism of relatively-low-temperature-regulated flower opening of O. fragrans , provide practical information for the prediction and regulation of flowering time in O . fragrans , and ultimately pave the way for genetic modification in O . fragrans .

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Study on the Physiological Mechanism of Early Flowering and Low Male Fertility of Limonium bicolor Mutant vrl15

Leng

Zhao

Dong

et al. 2019

J Plant Growth Regul

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Cell Division and Expansion in Petals during Flower Development and Opening in <i>Eustoma grandiflorum</i>

Abstract: We conclude that petal growth in Eustoma is divided into four phases, based on the activities of cell division and expansion, and that petal growth in the final phase is mainly due to cell expansion with marked enlargement of vacuoles.

Cited by 13 publications

References 32 publications

Identification of Soluble Carbohydrates and Their Subcellular Concentrations in Petals during Flower Opening in <i>Eustoma grandiflorum</i>

Identification of Soluble Carbohydrates and Their Subcellular Concentrations in Petals during Flower Opening in <i>Eustoma grandiflorum</i>

Transcriptomic analysis of flower opening response to relatively low temperatures in Osmanthus fragrans

Study on the Physiological Mechanism of Early Flowering and Low Male Fertility of Limonium bicolor Mutant vrl15

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