Cell disruption and lipid extraction from Chlorella species for biorefinery applications: Recent advances

Preparation of Two-Dimensional Fe3O4 Nanodisks and Nanosheets Transformed from α-Fe2O3 Analogues and Their Applications in Magnetic Field-Assisted Microalgal Harvesting Biorefinery Processes

“…50 Bead milling, high-pressure homogenization, steam explosion, hydrodynamic cavitation, pulsed electric field, and ultrasonic and microwave agitation have been demonstrated as effective means of extracting value-added algal compounds produced by the microalgae. 25,26 These methods leverage high-shearing forces from abrupt pressure gradients, high turbulence, and severe hydrodynamic cavitation. 51,52 On the other hand, these methods have high energy demands and impose extreme conditions detrimental to the microalgae and algal products, leading to thermal degradation and oxidation.…”

“…Typically, mechanical methods, such as centrifugation, filtration, flotation, and sedimentation, are favored for harvesting microalgae from their culture media . Bead milling, high-pressure homogenization, steam explosion, hydrodynamic cavitation, pulsed electric field, and ultrasonic and microwave agitation have been demonstrated as effective means of extracting value-added algal compounds produced by the microalgae. , These methods leverage high-shearing forces from abrupt pressure gradients, high turbulence, and severe hydrodynamic cavitation. , On the other hand, these methods have high energy demands and impose extreme conditions detrimental to the microalgae and algal products, leading to thermal degradation and oxidation. , Furthermore, the processes can be time-consuming and often involve precise temperature control. Therefore, innovative solutions to enhance algae cultivation, facilitate rapid harvesting or biomass collection, and improve the extraction of valuable algal products under relatively mild physiological and stress-deficient environments are needed for energy-efficient, facile, and sustainable biorefinery applications.…”

“…Of these, the economic viability is contingent upon time and cost constraints for commercial-scale production. In particular, the harvesting and extraction of microalgal products are considered two key steps that dictate the yield, quality, and economics of the final product. − …”

Perspectives on biorefineries in microbial production of fuels and chemicals

“…Bacteria, yeast, fungi, and other whole cell bio-catalysts dominate industrial microbiology in biofuel and biochemical production. Examples include fungal production of organic acids and lipids (Grewal and Kalra, 1995;Carvalho et al, 2019;Chib et al, 2023), alcohols and lipids in yeast (Olson et al, 2004;Hull et al, 2014;Cai et al, 2016a;Pendon et al, 2021), alcohols and biochemicals in bacteria (Cai et al, 2016b), lipids and carotenoids in microalgae (Lopes da Silva et al, 2019;Monte et al, 2020;Papachristou et al, 2021;Oh et al, 2022), and a myriad of other bio-products from a range of microbes. Advances in molecular biology have enabled rapid and targeted metabolic engineering for increased product rate and titer, biofunneling to increase yields, expanded substrate utilization, redox balancing, and other cellular redesigns.…”

Effect of High Cell Density to Lipid Content Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris on Photoautotrophic Cultivation

“…Chlorella vulgaris is a microalgae belonging to the Chlorophyta class which has nutritional value and natural bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, phenolic compounds, sulfate polysaccharides and vitamins, one of the functions of these bioactive compounds can affect cell regulation, immune response and as an antioxidant (Novianti et al, 2019). Chlorella has been considered a promising candidate for commercial lipid production due to its fast growth process and easy cultivation (Oh et al, 2022). Chlorella sp.…”