“…Notably, astaxanthin and lipid biosynthetic pathways in H. pluvialis are closely linked [1,4]. In addition, strigolactone is expected to enhance the germination rate of dormant cysts of H. pluvialis, similar to that observed in plant seeds [16].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 77%
“…The 30-d-grown seed culture was collected and inoculated to obtain an optical density (OD) of 0.1 at 680 nm (UV/Vis spectrophotometer, Optizen 3220 UV; Mecasys Co., Daejeon, Korea). Rac-GR24 was initially added at four different concentrations (2,4,6, and 8 µM) to the flasks, based on previous reports on the green microalgae C. vulgaris FACHB-8 [13] and M. sp. QLY-1 [14].…”
Section: Microalga and Photosynthetic Cultivationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Haematococcus pluvialis, a freshwater unicellular green microalga, is considered one of the best sources of astaxanthin (~5% of dry weight) [1,4]. Algal astaxanthin is usually synthesized as a self-defense mechanism to protect the organism from oxidative stress.…”
Improving the production rate of high-value nutraceutical compounds, such as astaxanthin and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), is important for the commercialization of Haematococcus pluvialis biorefineries. Here, the effects of a phytohormone, strigolactone analog rac-GR24, on cell growth and astaxanthin and fatty acid biosynthesis in H. pluvialis were investigated. Four concentrations (2, 4, 6, and 8 µM) of rac-GR24 were initially added during 30 days of photoautotrophic cultivation. The addition of rac-GR24 improved cell number density and chlorophyll concentration in H. pluvialis cultures compared to the control; the optimal concentration was 8 µM. Despite a slightly reduced astaxanthin content of 30-d-old cyst cells, the astaxanthin production (26.1 ± 1.7 mg/L) improved by 21% compared to the rac-GR24-free control (21.6 ± 1.5 mg/L), owing to improved biomass production. Notably, at the highest dosage of 8 µM rac-GR24, the total fatty acid content of the treated H. pluvialis cells (899.8 pg/cell) was higher than that of the untreated cells (762.5 pg/cell), resulting in a significant increase in the total fatty acid production (361.6 ± 48.0 mg/L; 61% improvement over the control). The ratio of PUFAs, such as linoleic (C18:2) and linolenic (C18:3) acids, among total fatty acids was high (41.5–44.6% w/w) regardless of the rac-GR24 dose.
“…Notably, astaxanthin and lipid biosynthetic pathways in H. pluvialis are closely linked [1,4]. In addition, strigolactone is expected to enhance the germination rate of dormant cysts of H. pluvialis, similar to that observed in plant seeds [16].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 77%
“…The 30-d-grown seed culture was collected and inoculated to obtain an optical density (OD) of 0.1 at 680 nm (UV/Vis spectrophotometer, Optizen 3220 UV; Mecasys Co., Daejeon, Korea). Rac-GR24 was initially added at four different concentrations (2,4,6, and 8 µM) to the flasks, based on previous reports on the green microalgae C. vulgaris FACHB-8 [13] and M. sp. QLY-1 [14].…”
Section: Microalga and Photosynthetic Cultivationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Haematococcus pluvialis, a freshwater unicellular green microalga, is considered one of the best sources of astaxanthin (~5% of dry weight) [1,4]. Algal astaxanthin is usually synthesized as a self-defense mechanism to protect the organism from oxidative stress.…”
Improving the production rate of high-value nutraceutical compounds, such as astaxanthin and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), is important for the commercialization of Haematococcus pluvialis biorefineries. Here, the effects of a phytohormone, strigolactone analog rac-GR24, on cell growth and astaxanthin and fatty acid biosynthesis in H. pluvialis were investigated. Four concentrations (2, 4, 6, and 8 µM) of rac-GR24 were initially added during 30 days of photoautotrophic cultivation. The addition of rac-GR24 improved cell number density and chlorophyll concentration in H. pluvialis cultures compared to the control; the optimal concentration was 8 µM. Despite a slightly reduced astaxanthin content of 30-d-old cyst cells, the astaxanthin production (26.1 ± 1.7 mg/L) improved by 21% compared to the rac-GR24-free control (21.6 ± 1.5 mg/L), owing to improved biomass production. Notably, at the highest dosage of 8 µM rac-GR24, the total fatty acid content of the treated H. pluvialis cells (899.8 pg/cell) was higher than that of the untreated cells (762.5 pg/cell), resulting in a significant increase in the total fatty acid production (361.6 ± 48.0 mg/L; 61% improvement over the control). The ratio of PUFAs, such as linoleic (C18:2) and linolenic (C18:3) acids, among total fatty acids was high (41.5–44.6% w/w) regardless of the rac-GR24 dose.
“…This biomolecule can induce the synthesis of hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid), which is related to skin hydration [6]. Haematococcus lacustris (formerly, H. pluvialis; [7]), a unicellular freshwater green microalga, is considered an important source of astaxanthin because of its high astaxanthin content (~4% of dry weight) and potential for mass cultivation in open-pond and photobioreactor systems [8,9].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, excessive physicochemical stress can degrade the molecular structure of astaxanthin, significantly reducing its antioxidative activity [3,17]. Therefore, efficient cell disruption and astaxanthin extraction are considered important technical issues affecting the overall economics of H. lacustris biorefineries [9,18].…”
Ionic liquids (ILs) are new green solvents, which are widely used in lignocellulosic and microalgal biorefineries. However, high-temperature operating conditions limit their application in the extraction of heat-labile algal products, such as bioactive astaxanthin. In this study, we report the technical feasibility of room-temperature astaxanthin extraction from Haematococcus lacustris cysts with a thick and complex cell wall structure, by combining ultrathin α-quartz nanoplates (NPLs) with ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ([Emim])-based ILs. When four different [Emim]-based ILs with thiocyanate (SCN), diethylphosphate (DEP), HSO4, and Cl anions were applied to 90-day-old H. lacustris cysts at room temperature (~28 °C), the astaxanthin extraction efficiency was as low as 9.6-14.2%. Under sonication, α-quartz NPLs disrupted the cyst cell wall for a short duration (5 min). The astaxanthin extraction efficacies of a subsequent IL treatment improved significantly to 49.8% for [Emim] SCN, 60.0% for [Emim] DEP, 80.7% for [Emim] HSO4, and 74.3% for [Emim] Cl ions, which were 4.4, 6.1, 8.4, and 5.2 times higher than the extraction efficacy of only ILs, respectively. This finding suggests that α-quartz NPLs can serve as powerful cell-wall-disrupting agents for the room-temperature IL-mediated extraction of astaxanthin from robust algal cyst cells.
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