Cell Death Mediated by MAPK Is Associated with Hydrogen Peroxide Production in Arabidopsis

Ren, Dongtao; Yang, Heping; Zhang, Shuqun

doi:10.1074/jbc.m109495200

Cited by 422 publications

(454 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…Conditional expression of an active form of NtMEK2, which activates SIPK and WIPK, leads to HR-like cell death (Yang et al, 2001;Yoshioka et al, 2003). The same phenotype was observed in other plant species, including Arabidopsis and tomato (Ren et al, 2002;del Pozo et al, 2004;Pedley and Martin, 2004). Later, it was shown that activation of SIPK alone is sufficient to induce cell death Samuel and Ellis, 2002), and WIPK accelerates the cell death process .…”

mentioning

confidence: 80%

“…In tobacco, SIPK and WIPK share a common upstream MAPK kinase (MAPKK), NtMEK2 (Yang et al, 2001). There are two NtMEK2 orthologs in Arabidopsis, MKK4 and MKK5, which are likely to arise from a relatively recent gene duplication (Asai et al, 2002;MAPK Group, 2002;Ren et al, 2002). The MAPKK kinases (MAPKKKs) upstream of NtMEK2/ MKK4/MKK5 include MEKK1 and MAPKKKa (Asai et al, 2002;del Pozo et al, 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Activation of Ntf4, a Tobacco Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase, during Plant Defense Response and Its Involvement in Hypersensitive Response-Like Cell Death

Ren

Yang

et al. 2006

Plant Physiology

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Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are important signaling modules in eukaryotic cells. They function downstream of sensors/receptors and regulate cellular responses to external and endogenous stimuli. Recent studies demonstrated that SIPK and WIPK, two tobacco (Nicotiana spp.) MAPKs, are involved in signaling plant defense responses to various pathogens. Ntf4, another tobacco MAPK that shares 93.6% and 72.3% identity with SIPK and WIPK, respectively, was reported to be developmentally regulated and function in pollen germination. We found that Ntf4 is also expressed in leaves and suspension-cultured cells. Genomic analysis excluded the possibility that Ntf4 and SIPK are orthologs from the two parental lines of the amphidiploid common tobacco. In vitro and in vivo phosphorylation and activation assays revealed that Ntf4 shares the same upstream MAPK kinase, NtMEK2, with SIPK and WIPK. Similar to SIPK and WIPK, Ntf4 is also stress responsive and can be activated by cryptogein, a proteinaceous elicitin from oomycetic pathogen Phytophthora cryptogea. Tobacco recognition of cryptogein induces rapid hypersensitive response (HR) cell death in tobacco. Transgenic Ntf4 plants with elevated levels of Ntf4 protein showed accelerated HR cell death when treated with cryptogein. In addition, conditional overexpression of Ntf4, which results in high cellular Ntf4 activity, is sufficient to induce HR-like cell death. Based on these results, we concluded that Ntf4 is multifunctional. In addition to its role in pollen germination, Ntf4 is also a component downstream of NtMEK2 in the MAPK cascade that regulates pathogen-induced HR cell death in tobacco.The active defense of plants against invading pathogens often includes rapid programmed cell death, known as the hypersensitive response (HR), the generation of reactive oxygen species, the activation of a complex array of defense genes, and the production of antimicrobial phytoalexins (Dangl and Jones, 2001;Dixon, 2001;Lam et al., 2001;Martin et al., 2003;Greenberg and Yao, 2004;Torres and Dangl, 2005). In addition to these local responses, the uninfected portions of the plant usually develop systemic acquired resistance, which is manifested as enhanced resistance to a subsequent challenge by pathogens (Durrant and Dong, 2004;Bostock, 2005). The induction of these defense responses is regulated by a complex signaling network initiated after the plant recognition of pathogens, which is mediated either by gene-for-gene interactions between plant resistance (R) genes and pathogen avirulence (Avr) genes, or by the binding of nonhost-specific elicitors, also known as pathogenassociated molecular patterns, to their receptors (Staskawicz et al., 1995;Baker et al., 1997;Dangl and Jones, 2001;Martin et al., 2003;Innes, 2004;Ausubel, 2005;Boller, 2005).Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are highly conserved signaling modules in eukaryotes. They function downstream of sensors/receptors and convert signals generated by the sensors/receptors to cellular responses (H...

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confidence: 80%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of Ntf4, a Tobacco Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase, during Plant Defense Response and Its Involvement in Hypersensitive Response-Like Cell Death

Ren

Yang

et al. 2006

Plant Physiology

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“…In some plant models, H 2 O 2 induces PCD (Desikan et al 1998, Houot et al 2001, Ren et al 2002, Gechev and Hille 2005 and in others it appears not to be required (Glazener et al 1996, Dorey et al 1999, Sasabe et al 2000, Ichinose et al 2001. Moreover, in H 2 O 2 -dependent PCD, PCD is only observed when the H 2 O 2 concentration reaches a threshold value as a result of a complex sequence of events including H 2 O 2 perception, suppression of H 2 O 2 scavengers (de Pinto et al 2002), activation of a MAPK signalling cascade (Ren et al 2002) and the co-ordinated regulation of at least 150 genes shown to be involved in controlling H 2 O 2 homeostasis (Mittler et al 2004). In our Arabidopsis elicitation model, PAL activation, H 2 O 2 accumulation and cell death appeared to be three independent responses that resemble the response of tobacco cells treated with elicitin (Sasabe et al 2000) in which apoptotic cell death, oxidative burst and PAL gene expression only share an early common calcium second messenger and then separate into three distinct signalling pathways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size, acetylation and concentration of chitooligosaccharide elicitors determine the switch from defence involving PAL activation to cell death and water peroxide production in Arabidopsis cell suspensions

Cabrera

Messiaen

Cambier

et al. 2006

Physiologia Plantarum

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Chitosan oligomers are known elicitors of plant defence mechanisms. In this work, chitooligosaccharides of different degrees of polymerization and degrees of acetylation were prepared and characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The effect of the degree of polymerization (DP), degree of acetylation and concentration of these chitooligosaccharides on defence activation in Arabidopsis thaliana suspension-cultured cells was studied. Our study results show that fully deacetylated chitooligosaccharides (chitosan oligomers) induce, depending on their DP and concentration, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activation, H 2 O 2 synthesis and cell death in A. thaliana cell suspensions. The progressive reacetylation of the chitosan oligomer elicitors progressively impaired their ability to enhance H 2 O 2 accumulation and cell death, but did not affect the activation of PAL.

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“…However, an investigation of Phythophthora infestans infection of Nicotiana benthamiana showed that the MEK2 pathway might be part of an amplification cascade upstream of the NADPH oxidase genes, which are necessary for producing ROS in response to fungal infection (Yoshioka et al, 2003). Congruent with these studies, expression of constitutively active Arabidopsis MKK4 or MKK5, the orthologs of tobacco MEK2 (and activators of MPK3/6), resulted in generation of H 2 O 2 and cell death (Ren et al, 2002); protein kinase inhibitors blocked elicitininduced cell death, oxidative burst, and expression of defense genes in tobacco (Sasabe et al, 2000). Considering that two thioredoxins as well as an ascorbate oxidase-like protein were recently identified as potential substrates for MPK3 and MPK6 (Feilner et al, 2005), other scenarios for regulating ROS levels via MAPKs are conceivable.…”

Section: Mapks: the Chicken Or The Egg In Ros Signaling?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases and Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling in Plants

2006

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Cell Death Mediated by MAPK Is Associated with Hydrogen Peroxide Production in Arabidopsis

Cited by 422 publications

References 63 publications

Activation of Ntf4, a Tobacco Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase, during Plant Defense Response and Its Involvement in Hypersensitive Response-Like Cell Death

Activation of Ntf4, a Tobacco Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase, during Plant Defense Response and Its Involvement in Hypersensitive Response-Like Cell Death

Size, acetylation and concentration of chitooligosaccharide elicitors determine the switch from defence involving PAL activation to cell death and water peroxide production in Arabidopsis cell suspensions

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases and Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling in Plants

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