Cell death in response to antimetabolites directed at ribonucleotide reductase and thymidylate synthase

Valenzuela, Malyn May Asuncion; Castro, Imilce V.; Gonda, Amber; Osterman, Carlos J. Díaz; Jutzy, Jessica M.S.; Aspe, Jonathan R.; Khan, Sharmin; Neidigh, Jonathan W.; Wall, Nathan R.

doi:10.2147/ott.s79647

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…Inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) could facilitate cell death, but their expression pattern is decreased in various cancers. In pancreatic cancer, it was confirmed that IAPs are constitutively enhanced by NF-κB in tissues and cell lines ( 75 ). This ectopic overexpression of IAPs is associated with cancer progression and chemotherapy resistance.…”

Section: Exosomes Regulate Therapy Resistance In Pancreatic Cancermentioning

confidence: 93%

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Role of exosomes in pancreatic cancer (Review)

Yan

Ming

2018

Oncol Lett

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Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies. Exosomes, which are released by multiple cell types, such as cancer cells, contain functional biomolecules (including proteins, nucleic acids and lipids) that can be horizontally delivered to recipient cells. Exosomes act as the most prominent mediator of intercellular communication and can regulate, instruct and re-educate their surrounding microenvironment and target specific organs. The present review performed an extensive search of multiple databases from 2005 to April 23 2017, for eligible literature relating to exosomes and their role in pancreatic cancer. With a focus on the latest findings for pancreatic cancer exosomes, their role in tumorigenesis was summarized, as well as their aggressive behaviors and their contribution to immunosuppression and therapy resistance in pancreatic cancer. In addition, the potential function of exosomes as novel diagnostic biomarkers is briefly discussed. Finally, we propose potential clinical applications for exosomes in pancreatic cancer.

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Section: Exosomes Regulate Therapy Resistance In Pancreatic Cancermentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Similarly, the expression pattern of IAPs in exosomes exhibited no significant alteration. This stability may partly account for why pancreatic cancer is resistant to chemotherapy ( 75 ).…”

Section: Exosomes Regulate Therapy Resistance In Pancreatic Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of exosomes in pancreatic cancer (Review)

Yan

Ming

2018

Oncol Lett

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“…Inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) can promote apoptosis in tumour cells; however, its expression significantly decreases in different types of tumour cells ( 54 ). In a study on PC tissues and cell lines, Asuncion Valenzuela et al ( 107 ) demonstrated that IAP expression is significantly upregulated by nuclear factor-κB. Exosomes derived from PC contain the associated mRNA of IAP, and following chemotherapy, the protein or mRNA IAP levels in the cytoplasm of PC cells remain unchanged or moderately upregulated.…”

Section: Mechanisms By Which Exosomes Promote Pc Metastasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of exosomes in pancreatic cancer (Review)

et al. 2021

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Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant tumour of the human digestive system that has a poor prognosis. Exosomes contain proteins and nucleic acids, and constitute a class of extracellular vesicles defined as membrane-bound nanovesicles of endocytic origin, with a diameter of 40–150 nm. Exosomes are potential diagnostic markers of PC; however, their roles in cancer initiation and progression remain unclear. Previous studies have focused on the molecular mechanisms and functions of exosomes that allow them to accelerate PC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The present review discusses the interactions between exosomes and the pathophysiology of PC. The potential clinical applications of exosomes are also discussed.

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Exosomes Secreted from Human Cancer Cell Lines Contain Inhibitors of Apoptosis (IAP)

Valenzuela

Bennit

Gonda

et al. 2015

Cancer Microenvironment

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Exosomes are endosomal-derived nanovesicles released by normal and tumor cells which have been shown to transfer functionally active protein, lipids, mRNAs and miRNAs between cells. Varying in molecular profiles, biological roles, functional roles and protein contents, exosomes have been described as Bmulti-purpose carriers^playing a role in supporting the survival and growth of tumor cells. The IAP Survivin has been found to be present in tumor exosomes. However, the existence of other IAPs in tumor exosomes is still unknown. Survivin, cIAP1, cIAP2 and XIAP mRNA and protein are differently expressed in a panel of tumor cell lines: DLCL2, HeLa, MCF-7, Panc-1, and PC3. Exosomes were isolated from conditioned media collected from the cells from which RNA and protein were extracted. Our results provide evidence that like Survivin, XIAP, cIAP1 and cIAP2 proteins are found in tumor exosomes. The mRNA expression, however, is differentially expressed across the tumor cell lines. The presence of these bioactive molecules in exosomes may not only serve as warning signals, but also play a role in providing protection to the cancer cells against changes that are constantly occurring in the tumor microenvironment.

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Cell death in response to antimetabolites directed at ribonucleotide reductase and thymidylate synthase

Cited by 5 publications

References 52 publications

Role of exosomes in pancreatic cancer (Review)

Role of exosomes in pancreatic cancer (Review)

Role of exosomes in pancreatic cancer (Review)

Exosomes Secreted from Human Cancer Cell Lines Contain Inhibitors of Apoptosis (IAP)

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