Cell Cycle Control and Fruit Development

Chevalier, Christian

doi:10.1002/9780470988923.ch12

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…To address gene expression during endoreduplication, we selected five single-copy protein-coding genes in tomato: RPB1, which encodes the large subunit of RNA pol II; the endocycle regulating genes CCS52A and WEE1 (Gonzalez et al, 2007;Mathieu-Rivet et al, 2010); and two mitosis-associated genes used as negative controls of gene expression in endoreduplicated nuclei, encoding CDKB2, a cyclin-dependent kinase specific to the G2-M transition (Chevalier, 2007), and the kinetochore MIS12 protein (Sato et al, 2005). qPCR on genomic DNA extracted from 4C, 16C and 32C sorted nuclei confirmed that the extent of all five gene duplications was linearly correlated with the degree of nuclear polyploidisation (supplementary material Fig.…”

Section: Endoreduplication Correlates With Enhanced Transcription Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for karyoplasmic homeostasis during endoreduplication and a ploidy-dependent increase in gene transcription during tomato fruit growth

et al. 2012

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SUMMARYEndopolyploidy is a widespread process that corresponds to the amplification of the genome in the absence of mitosis. In tomato, very high ploidy levels (up to 256C) are reached during fruit development, concomitant with very large cell sizes. Using cellular approaches (fluorescence and electron microscopy) we provide a structural analysis of endoreduplicated nuclei at the level of chromatin and nucleolar organisation, nuclear shape and relationship with other cellular organelles such as mitochondria. We demonstrate that endopolyploidy in pericarp leads to the formation of polytene chromosomes and markedly affects nuclear structure. Nuclei manifest a complex shape, with numerous deep grooves that are filled with mitochondria, affording a fairly constant ratio between nuclear surface and nuclear volume. We provide the first direct evidence that endopolyploidy plays a role in increased transcription of rRNA and mRNA on a per-nucleus basis. Overall, our results provide quantitative evidence in favour of the karyoplasmic theory and show that endoreduplication is associated with complex cellular organisation during tomato fruit development.

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Section: Endoreduplication Correlates With Enhanced Transcription Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for karyoplasmic homeostasis during endoreduplication and a ploidy-dependent increase in gene transcription during tomato fruit growth

et al. 2012

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“…In Arabidopsis, changes in CDKB protein activity lead to various meristematic defects (Andersen et al 2008). In tomato, CDKB1.1 and CDKB2.1 are the only CDKBs presently identified (Chevalier 2007); overexpression of these B-type CDK genes results in smaller cells and fewer cell layers in the pericarp (Czerednik et al 2012). Another class of proteins associated with early fruit development are expansins, which are plant cellwall loosening proteins involved in cell enlargement (cell expansion).…”

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confidence: 99%

Regulatory change in cell division activity and genetic mapping of a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) elongated-fruit mutant

Chusreeaeom

Ariizumi

Asamizu

et al. 2014

Plant Biotechnology

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Tomato elongated-fruit mutants have proven useful for elucidation and mapping of genes that regulate fruit elongation. We previously identified a novel tomato mutant, Solanum lycopersicum elongated fruit1 (Slelf1), which exhibits an elongated fruit shape caused by increased cell layers in the ovary proximal region, and located the causal genes on the long arm of chromosome 8. In this study, we isolated and characterized two independent tomato mutants, Solanum lycopersicum elongated fruit2 and 3 (Slelf2 and Slelf3). Histological analysis revealed that the Slelf2 mutant ovary displayed an overall elongated shape, whereas the developing ovary of the Slelf3 mutant was primarily expanded in the proximal region. We developed an intra-specific F 2 population by crossing Slelf3 with Ailsa Craig, a related cultivar. Mapping of this population confirmed that the candidate gene of the Slelf3 mutation was positioned on the short arm of chromosome 7, in a region of approximately 0.4 Mb. These results indicate that the causal gene is a novel locus differing from previous genes known to affect fruit shape elongation in tomatoes. In addition, analysis of transcript levels of genes related to cell division and expansion in the Slelf3 mutant suggested that the mutated gene most likely regulates cell division activity, predominantly in the proximal region.

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“…By the end of this stage fruits have a diameter of around 2 cm. Throughout the third phase, the fruit enters the mature green (MG) stage (Ho and Hewitt, 1986;Giovannoni, 2004;Czerednik et al, 2012) and attains its final size, which varies greatly among cultivars and is very susceptible to environmental influences (Chevalier, 2007). Most fruit growth is associated with the subsequent expansion phase during which cells undergo substantial endoreplication resulting in the production of large high ploidy cells with a diameter of more than 0.5 mm and up to 512C DNA content .…”

Section: Tomato Fruit Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of tomato fruit-ripening mutants and their use in increasing shelf life of tomato fruits

Osei¹,

Danquah²,

Blay³

et al. 2017

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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The potential of tomato ripening mutants; rin, nor, alc, nr, gr, etc to prolong the shelf life of tomato cannot be overemphasized. Ripening mutants have gained a considerable attention in the last few years to extend shelf life. They have been characterized and examined for their potential utilization in lengthening shelf life of tomatoes. Mutant genes are therefore available to extend the shelf-life of tomato via breeding. These single recessive gene mutants mostly modify ethylene's downstream effects on specific biochemical processes related to fruit ripening. The fruits of these mutants are characterized by an absence of a ripening-associated ethylene burst and failure to ripen in the presence of exogenous ethylene. They are useful in research and breeding of cultivated tomatoes for postharvest quality. The effect is more pronounced in homozygotes where fruits do not develop normal colour. However, in the heterozygous form, several ripening characteristics exhibit levels that are intermediate between those of the wild and mutant parents and are able to produce fruits that have high shelf life than normal cultivars. Their discoveries have generated insights into ripening control and created new understanding of the primary ripening control mechanisms. Nonetheless, some scientists have argued that these mutant genes produce undesirable pleiotropic effects on other components of fruit quality. This is true in the homozygotes state, however in the heterozygote form, they develop acceptable colour for marketing, ripe naturally and exhibit extended shelf life too. Hence this offers an opportunity to exploit these genes to regulate tomato supply for longer period.

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Cell Cycle Control and Fruit Development

Cited by 25 publications

References 77 publications

Evidence for karyoplasmic homeostasis during endoreduplication and a ploidy-dependent increase in gene transcription during tomato fruit growth

Evidence for karyoplasmic homeostasis during endoreduplication and a ploidy-dependent increase in gene transcription during tomato fruit growth

Regulatory change in cell division activity and genetic mapping of a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) elongated-fruit mutant

An overview of tomato fruit-ripening mutants and their use in increasing shelf life of tomato fruits

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