Cell Cycle Arrest by the Isoprenoids Perillyl Alcohol, Geraniol, and Farnesol Is Mediated by p21^Cip1and p27^Kip1in Human Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Cells

Abstract

Pancreatic cancer, the fourth leading cause of cancer-associ-

Perillyl Alcohol for the Treatment of Temozolomide-Resistant Gliomas

“…POH treatment significantly suppressed the Ras/Raf/ERK pathway (4,24). POH also increased Bak and reduced Bcl-xL in different tumors (2,4,25). POH suppressed cyclin A, cyclin B1 and cdk2, resulting in G 0 -G 1 and G 2 -M arrest (4).…”

“…There is substantial evidence from other tumor models that POH treatment induced growth arrest and cell death by a variety of mechanisms (2,3). POH treatment significantly suppressed the Ras/Raf/ERK pathway (4,24).…”

“…Perillyl alcohol (POH) is a naturally occurring monoterpene that has been used orally for the treatment of a variety of cancers, including breast, pancreas, and lung carcinomas (1)(2)(3). POH was shown to be a cytotoxic agent by functioning as a Ras inhibitor, cell-cycle inhibitor, and upregulator of the proapoptotic protein Bax (3,4).…”

Geraniol induces cooperative interaction of apoptosis and autophagy to elicit cell death in PC-3 prostate cancer cells

“…Previous in vivo tumor model studies show that geraniol exerted chemotherapeutic or chemosensitizing activity against several types of cancers, including colon, pancreatic, hepatic, and prostate cancer (2)(3)(4)(5). Geraniol reduces mevalonate metabolism by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase activity (6), which may contribute to its anticancer activity.…”

Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating Method for Perillyl Alcohol Incorporated in Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) Nanoparticles and Stress Degradation Studies

“…1,2 Medical interest in this compound has been generated by several researches showing that POH has been able to demonstrate activity against a variety of tumor models, such as adenocarcinoma, brain, breast, colon, gliomas, leukemic cells, liver, lung, pancreas, prostate and skin. [2][3][4][5][6][7] However, the results of phase I and II clinical trials showed nausea, vomiting and loose stools identified as common toxicities with rare leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, lethargy, renal tubular degeneration with elevated serum creatinine and gastritis. [8][9][10] Chemotherapeutic agents harm healthy tissues, leading to systemic toxicity and adverse effects that greatly limit the maximum tolerated dose of anti-cancer drugs and thus restrict their therapeutic efficacy.…”