Cell cycle analysis in the mouse egg-cylinder

Solter, Davor; Škreb, N.; Damjanov, Ivan

doi:10.1016/0014-4827(71)90084-x

Cited by 68 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Firstly, a decrease in the mitotic duration may be accompanied by an increase in the non-mitotic period of the cell cycle, which would allow more time for embryonic genome expression as differentiation occurs. A similar process was observed in the formation of mesoderm in a 7-day-old mouse embryo in which the total cell cycle increased but duration of mitosis remained the same (Solter et al 1971). Secondly, a decrease in mitotic duration may reflect an overall decrease in cell-cycle length as described by McLaren (1972) and Graham (1973).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Development of Preimplantation Mouse Embryos in vivo and in vitro

Harlow¹,

Quinn²

1982

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

144

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The culture conditions for the development in vitro of (C57BL/6 X CBA) F2 hybrid two-cell embryos to the blastocyst stage have been optimized. Commercially available pre-sterile disposable plastic culture dishes supported more reliable development than re-usable washed glass tubes. The presence of an oil layer reduced the variability in development. An average of 85 % of blastocysts developed from hybrid two-cell embryos cultured in drops of Whitten's medium under oil in plastic culture dishes in an atmosphere of 5% O2 : 5% CO2 : 90% N 2 • The time taken for the total cell number to double in embryos developing in vivo was 10 h, and in cultured embryos 17 h. Embryos cultured in vitro from the two-cell stage to blastocyst stage were retarded by 18-24 h in comparison with those remaining in vivo. Day-4 blastocysts in vivo contained 25-70 cells (mean 50) with 7-28 (mean 16) of these in the inner cell mass. Cultured blastocysts contained 19-73 cells (mean 44) with 8-34 (mean 19) of these in the inner cell mass. In the uterine environment, inner-cell-mass blastomeres divided at a faster rate than trophectoderm blastomeres and it is suggested that a long cell cycle is associated with terminal differentiation. Although cultured blastocysts and inner cell masses contained the same number of cells as blastocysts and inner cell masses in vivo, the rate of cell division in cultured inner cell masses was markedly reduced.Extra keyword: Cleavage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Development of Preimplantation Mouse Embryos in vivo and in vitro

Harlow¹,

Quinn²

1982

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

144

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“…This followed work originally described over 30 years ago, documenting rapid rates of cell division in the murine embryonic epiblast, during late pre-implantation and early postimplantation stages of development (Solter et al, 1971;Snow, 1977;Power and Tam, 1993). Direct biochemical and detailed molecular characterization of these cells in vivo is not generally feasible due to difficulties in obtaining sufficient cell numbers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides having wide-range differentiation potential, pluripotent cells of late preimplantation and early post-implantation embryos have the capacity to proliferate at unusually rapid rates (Solter et al, 1971;Snow, 1977). Between 4.5 -6.0 dpc (days post coitum), the embryonic epiblast expands from 20 -25 cells to around 660 cells (Snow, 1977;Hogan et al, 1994), reflecting a generation time of approximately 10 h. Cell division rates in the embryonic epiblast are further accelerated between 6.5 dpc and 7.0 dpc coinciding with, or just preceding, gastrulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pluripotent cell division cycles are driven by ectopic Cdk2, cyclin A/E and E2F activities

et al. 2002

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Pluripotent cells of embryonic origin proliferate at unusually rapid rates and have a characteristic cell cycle structure with truncated gap phases. To define the molecular basis for this we have characterized the cell cycle control of murine embryonic stem cells and early primitive ectoderm-like cells. These cells display precocious Cdk2, cyclin A and cyclin E kinase activities that are conspicuously cell cycle independent. Suppression of Cdk2 activity significantly decreased cycling times of pluripotent cells, indicating it to be rate-limiting for rapid cell division, although this had no impact on cell cycle structure and the establishment of extended gap phases. Cdc2-cyclin B was the only Cdk activity that was identified to be cell cycle regulated in pluripotent cells. Cell cycle regulation of cyclin B levels and Y 15 regulation of Cdc2 contribute to the temporal changes in Cdc2-cyclin B activity. E2F target genes are constitutively active throughout the cell cycle, reflecting the low activity of pocket proteins such as p107 and pRb and constitutive activity of pRb-kinases. These results show that rapid cell division cycles in primitive cells of embryonic origin are driven by extreme levels of Cdk activity that lack normal cell cycle periodicity.

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“…Murine embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the inner cell mass of blastocyst stage embryos and like their in vivo counterparts, exhibit wide-range differentiation potential (Gardner and Beddington, 1988) and proliferate at unusually rapid rates (Solter et al, 1971;Snow, 1977). Cell division of ES cells is driven by unusually high Cdk2-cyclinA/E activity that is constitutively active throughout the cell cycle (Stead et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cdk6–cyclin D3 activity in murine ES cells is resistant to inhibition by p16INK4a

et al. 2004

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Through a screen aimed at identifying genes that are specifically upregulated in embryomic stem (ES) cells but not primitive ectoderm, we identified cyclin D3. This was surprising since cyclin D activity is generally believed to be inactive in ES cells even though retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (pRb) accumulates in a predominantly hyperphosphorylated state. Cdk6 is the major catalytic partner for cyclin D3 in ES cells and exhibits robust pRb kinase activity that is downregulated during the early stages of ES embryoid body differentiation. To investigate the basis underlying the insensitivity of ES cells to ectopic p16 expression, we show that Cdk6-cyclin D3 complexes are not subject to inhibition by p16, similar to Cdk-viral cyclin complexes. These observations show that specificity exists between Cdk4/6-cyclin D complexes and their ability to be targeted by p16. Our data suggest that Cdk6-cyclin D3 activity in other cell types, including tumors, may also be refractory to p16-mediated growth inhibition and raises the possibility of additional specificity within the INK4 family.

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Cell cycle analysis in the mouse egg-cylinder

Cited by 68 publications

References 10 publications

Development of Preimplantation Mouse Embryos in vivo and in vitro

Development of Preimplantation Mouse Embryos in vivo and in vitro

Pluripotent cell division cycles are driven by ectopic Cdk2, cyclin A/E and E2F activities

Cdk6–cyclin D3 activity in murine ES cells is resistant to inhibition by p16INK4a

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