Cell-blocks and other ancillary studies (including molecular genetic tests and proteomics)

Shidham, Vinod B.

doi:10.25259/cytojournal_3_2021

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Additionally, the cell-blocks may be archived and made available for other types of testing including molecular pathology and proteomics as indicated at later stage. [8,20] e frequency of using cytology smears for immunocytochemical testing for different applications is increasing. [21][22][23] With the advent of heat-induced epitope retrieval techniques, the quality of immunostained cytology smears has improved remarkably.…”

Section: Therefore It Should Be Specifically Communicated In the Fina...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunocytochemistry of effusion fluids: Introduction to SCIP approach

Shidham

Layfield

2022

Cytojournal

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Due to the remarkably wide morphologic spectrum of reactive mesothelial cells, some of the effusion fluids may be difficult to interpret with objective certainty by cytomorphology alone. Cytomorphology of well to moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas (responsible for the bulk of malignant effusions) may overlap with floridly reactive mesothelial cells. Even mesotheliomas including diffuse malignant epithelioid mesothelioma, are usually cytomorphologically bland without unequivocal features of malignancy. The intensity of challenge depends on the interpreter’s training or experience level, institutional demographics of patients (such as type of prevalent diseases, predominant sex and age group), technical support, and quality of cytopreparatory processing. In general immunocytochemistry is valuable adjunct to facilitate objective interpretation with or without other ancillary techniques as indicated. An increasing number of immunomarkers is further refining the contribution of immunohistochemistry to this field. However, application of immunohistochemistry to effusion fluids is relatively challenging because of many variables. Multiple factors such as delay after specimen collection, specimen processing related factors including fixation and storage; ambient conditions under which paraffin blocks are archived (for retrospective testing); antigen retrieval method; duration of antigen retrieval step; antibody clone and dilution; and antibody application time are identical to application of immunohistochemistry in other areas. The significant challenge related to the potential compromization of the immunoreactivity pattern due to exposure to non-formalin fixatives / reagents is also applicable to effusion fluid specimens. The immunoreactivity results would be compared and corelated with cumulative metadata based on the reported studies performed and validated on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Deviating from such protocols may lead to suboptimal results, which is not uncommon in clinical practice with potential compromization of patient care and related liability. Because of this, it is critical to perform immunocytochemistry on formalin-fixed cell-block sections only. In addition, unless the interpretation criteria for immunohistochemical evaluation of effusion fluids are not modified specifically, it may not be productive in resolving some challenging cases. However, this aspect is not well elaborated in the literature. A basic and critical challenge is finding and locating the cells of interest in cell-block sections of effusion fluids. A unique approach is to choose a fundamental immunopanel which highlight the mesothelial and inflammatory cells in reactive effusion fluids to create the basic map. This allows detection of a ‘second-foreign’ population which can be immunocharacterized further with the help of subtractive coordinate immunoreactivity pattern (SCIP) approach elaborated here.

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“…Additionally, the cell-blocks may be archived and made available for other types of testing including molecular pathology and proteomics as indicated at later stage. [ 8 , 20 ]…”

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Immunocytochemistry of effusion fluids: Introduction to SCIP approach

Shidham

Layfield

2022

Cytojournal

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“…In keeping with the CMAS guidelines, all of these chapters have been published as six different review articles under open access in CytoJournal. [5][6][7][8][9][10] Subsequently, these articles would be modified slightly to format them as different chapters of the monograph as allowed under the Creative Commons License. [3] is first monograph is supported by limited funding from the Late Geeta Paradkar Memorial Fund.…”

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CytoJournal monographs: First CMAS (CytoJournal Monograph/Atlas Series) on science of cell-block making, titled “CellBlockistry 101 (Text Book of Cell-blocking science)”

et al. 2021

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Cy t o p a t h o l o g y F o u n d a t i o n www . c y t o j o u r n a l . c o m CytoJournal • 2021 • 18(10) | 1is is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

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“…e text is divided into six chapters, with a total of eight contributing authors, Dr. Shidham among them. All chapters were published between 2019 and 2021 as review articles in CytoJournal; [4][5][6][7][8][9] this text brings them together in one convenient location. Chapter 1 is a review of cell-block techniques, the earliest of which go back many decades.…”

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“…Chapter 4 [ 7 ] reviews the role of cell blocks and IHC in the cytologic diagnosis of hematolymphoid lesions. Chapter 5 [ 8 ] reviews the role cell-blocks play in molecular genetic testing. Chapter 6 [ 9 ] highlights the role of cell blocks as small biopsies in displaying architectural features helpful for diagnosis.…”

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CellBlockistry 101: The textbook of cell-blocking science

Cibas¹

2021

Cytojournal

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Cy t o p a t h o l o g y F o u n d a t i o n www . c y t o j o u r n a l . c o m CytoJournal • 2021 • 18(24) | 1 is is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

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Cell-blocks and other ancillary studies (including molecular genetic tests and proteomics)

Cited by 20 publications

References 72 publications

Immunocytochemistry of effusion fluids: Introduction to SCIP approach

Immunocytochemistry of effusion fluids: Introduction to SCIP approach

CytoJournal monographs: First CMAS (CytoJournal Monograph/Atlas Series) on science of cell-block making, titled “CellBlockistry 101 (Text Book of Cell-blocking science)”

CellBlockistry 101: The textbook of cell-blocking science

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