Cell-Based Gene Therapies and Stem Cells for Regeneration of Ischemic Tissues

Madonna, Rosalinda; Caterina, Raffaele De

doi:10.5772/17508

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…The introduction of exogenous genes can be performed either by directly introducing the delivery vector [such as lentivirus or adenoassociated viral (AAV) vectors] into the anatomical site (in vivo) or by harvesting cells from the patient, transferring the gene(s) to the cells in tissue culture and then transferring the genetically modified cells back into the patient (ex vivo) (reviewed in [77]). The ex vivo approach typically relies on transplanting cells, such as stem cells, lymphocytes, fibroblasts, or -alternatively -the cells of interest, that are removed from the body and injected after therapeutic transgene modifications.…”

Section: Vectors Useful For Gene Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardioprotection by gene therapy

Madonna

Dessalvi

Deidda

et al. 2015

International Journal of Cardiology

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Ischemic heart disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Ischemic pre-, post-, and remote conditionings trigger endogenous cardioprotection that renders the heart resistant to ischemic-reperfusion injury (IRI). Mimicking endogenous cardioprotection by modulating genes involved in cardioprotective signal transduction provides an opportunity to reproduce endogenous cardioprotection with better possibilities of translation into the clinical setting. Genes and signaling pathways by which conditioning maneuvers exert their effects on the heart are partially understood. This is due to the targeted approach that allowed identifying one or a few genes associated with IRI and cardioprotection. Genes critical for signaling pathways in cardioprotection include protectomiRs (e.g., microRNA 125b*), ZAC1 transcription factor, pro-inflammatory genes such as cycloxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), antioxidant enzymes such as hemoxygenase (HO)-1, extracellular and manganese superoxidase dismutases (ec-SOD and Mg-SOD), heat shock proteins (HSPs), growth factors such as insulin like growth factor (IGF)-1 and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), antiapoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, pro-apoptotic proteins such as FasL, Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3 and p53, and proangiogenic genes such as TGFbeta, sphingosine kinase 1 (SPK1), and PI3K-Akt. By identifying the gene expression profiles of IRI and ischemic conditioning, one may reveal potential gene targets responsible for cardioprotection. In this manuscript, we review the current state of the art of gene therapy in cardioprotection and propose that gene expression analysis facilitates the identification of individual genes associated with cardioprotection. We discuss signaling pathways associated with cardioprotection that can be targeted by gene therapy to achieve cardioprotection.

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Section: Vectors Useful For Gene Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%