Cell and Molecular Biology of Nucleolar Assembly and Disassembly

DiMario, Patrick J.

doi:10.1016/s0074-7696(04)39003-0

Cited by 57 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 323 publications

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“…Several roles of the chromosome periphery have been proposed (2,6,7). First, it might act as a structural barrier to protect the chromosome from cytoplasmic components.…”

Section: Cpps Function In Chromosome Alignment Segregation and Spindmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the function of the chromosome periphery might not be so simple to the carrying of subcellular components into two new daughter cells. Most nucleolar proteins, after nuclear envelope breakdown, are dispersed in the cytoplasm and are then packed into small organelles, nucleolar-derived foci (NDFs) at anaphase (5,6). NDFs are equally distributed into the two daughter cells and fuse to become a prenucleolar body at telophase.…”

Section: Cpps Function In Chromosome Alignment Segregation and Spindmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, although the chromosome periphery is known as a conserved structure in eukaryotes, its function is not yet known (5)(6)(7). Recent knockdown analyses of some chromosome peripheral proteins (CPPs) including histone H1.X, nucleolin, nucleophosmin (NPM), PinX1 and RRS1 have, however, have begun to reveal the secrets of the chromosome periphery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The chromosome peripheral proteins play an active role in chromosome dynamics

Matsunaga

Fukui

2010

BioMolecular Concepts

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The chromosome periphery is a chromosomal structure that covers the surface of mitotic chromosomes. The structure and function of the chromosome periphery has been poorly understood since its first description in 1882. It has, however, been proposed to be an insulator or barrier to protect chromosomes from subcellular substances and to act as a carrier of nuclear and nucleolar components to direct their equal distribution to daughter cells because most chromosome peripheral proteins (CPPs) are derived from the nucleolus or nucleus. Until now, more than 30 CPPs were identified in mammalians. Recent immunostaining analyses of CPPs have revealed that the chromosome periphery covers the centromeric region of mitotic chromosomes in addition to telomeres and regions between two sister chromatids. Knockdown analyses of CPPs using RNAi have revealed functions in chromosome dynamics, including cohesion of sister chromatids, kinetochore-microtubule attachments, spindle assembly and chromosome segregation. Because most CPPs are involved in various subcellular events in the nucleolus or nuclear at interphase, a temporal and spatialspecific knockdown method of CPPs in the chromosome periphery will be useful to understand the function of chromosome periphery in cell division.

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“…Several roles of the chromosome periphery have been proposed (2,6,7). First, it might act as a structural barrier to protect the chromosome from cytoplasmic components.…”

Section: Cpps Function In Chromosome Alignment Segregation and Spindmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cpps Function In Chromosome Alignment Segregation and Spindmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The chromosome peripheral proteins play an active role in chromosome dynamics

Matsunaga

Fukui

2010

BioMolecular Concepts

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“…[12][13][14][15][16] The PNBs contain nucleolar processing proteins, pre-rRNAs and snoRNAs. 17 Even though PNBs are formed in all animal and plant cells, their role in the dynamics of DFC and GC assembly is still unknown.It is possible to observe and measure the motion of proteins or RNP complexes in living cells. Using these approaches it was demonstrated that macromolecules within the nucleus are highly mobile by a combination of passive diffusion and highaffinity binding sites.…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

The traffic of proteins between nucleolar organizer regions and prenucleolar bodies governs the assembly of the nucleolus at exit of mitosis

Muro¹,

Gébrane-Younès²,

Jobart-Malfait³

et al. 2010

Nucleus

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is also a plurifunctional domain involved in assembly of RNPs and a target for viral proteins and viral RNAs. [8][9][10][11] The assembly of the nucleolus starts during telophase by activation of rDNA transcription of several nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) and by progressive recruitment of early and late processing proteins on rRNA transcripts. In parallel, prenucleolar bodies (PNBs) are assembled. [12][13][14][15][16] The PNBs contain nucleolar processing proteins, pre-rRNAs and snoRNAs. 17 Even though PNBs are formed in all animal and plant cells, their role in the dynamics of DFC and GC assembly is still unknown.It is possible to observe and measure the motion of proteins or RNP complexes in living cells. Using these approaches it was demonstrated that macromolecules within the nucleus are highly mobile by a combination of passive diffusion and highaffinity binding sites. [18][19][20] It was also established that the assembly of nuclear bodies after mitosis is strictly ordered. 14,[21][22][23][24] It is now important to characterize the dynamics of the complexes during the building of the functional domains integrated in the nuclear network. We examined the role of the PNB step in the kinetics of DFC and GC assembly. Using photoactivation, 25 weThe building of nuclear bodies after mitosis is a coordinated event crucial for nuclear organization and function. The nucleolus is assembled during early G 1 phase. Here, two periods (early G1a and early G1b) have been defined. During these periods, the nucleolar compartments (DFC, GC) corresponding to different steps of ribosome biogenesis are progressively assembled. In telophase, rDNA transcription is first activated and PNBs (reservoirs of nucleolar processing proteins) are formed. The traffic of the processing proteins between incipient nucleoli and PNBs was analyzed using photoactivation. We demonstrate that the DFC protein fibrillarin passes from one incipient nucleolus to other nucleoli but not to PNBs, and that the GC proteins, B23/NPM and Nop52, shuttle between PNBs and incipient nucleoli. This difference in traffic suggests a way of regulating assembly first of DFC and then of GC. The time of residency of GC proteins is high in incipient nucleoli compared to interphase nuclei, it decreases in LMB-treated early G1a cells impairing the assembly of GC. Because the assembly of the nucleolus and that of the Cajal body at the exit from mitosis are both sensitive to CRM1 activity, we discuss the fact that assembly of GC and/or its interaction with DFC in early G1a depends on shuttling between PNBs and NORs in a manner dependent on Cajal body assembly.www.landesbioscience.comNucleus 203 RESEARCH PAPER decreases as expected of proteins trafficking between nucleolus and nucleoplasm. Surprisingly, activated PAGFP-B23/NPM is detected in PNBs 5-10 seconds after activation (Fig. 1D). The uptake of B23/NPM in PNBs is observed in all PNBs containing mDsRed-Nop52 visible in the focal plane. This indicates that feedback of activated molecules occurs between incipient nuc...

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See the Unseen: Red‐Emissive Carbon Dots for Visualizing the Nucleolar Structures in Two Model Animals and In Vivo Drug Toxicity

Jia

Wang

et al. 2023

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Nucleolus, which participates in many crucial cellular activities, is an ideal target for evaluating the state of a cell or an organism. Here, bright red‐emissive carbon dots (termed CPCDs) with excitation‐independent/polarity‐dependent fluorescence emission are synthesized by a one‐step hydrothermal reaction between congo red and p‐phenylenediamine. The CPCDs can achieve wash‐free, real‐time, long‐term, and high‐quality nucleolus imaging in live cells, as well as in vivo imaging of two common model animals—zebrafish and Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Strikingly, CPCDs realize the nucleolus imaging of organs/flowing blood cells in zebrafish at a cellular level for the first time, and the superb nucleolus imaging of C. elegans suggests that the germ cells in the spermatheca probably have no intact nuclei. These previously unachieved imaging results of the cells/tissues/organs may guide the zebrafish‐related studies and benefit the research of C. elegans development. More importantly, a novel strategy based on CPCDs for in vivo toxicity evaluation of materials/drugs (e.g., Ag+), which can visualize the otherwise unseen injuries in zebrafish, is developed. In conclusion, the CPCDs represent a robust tool for visualizing the structures and dynamic behaviors of live zebrafish and C. elegans, and may find important applications in cell biology and toxicology.

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Cell and Molecular Biology of Nucleolar Assembly and Disassembly

Cited by 57 publications

References 323 publications

The chromosome peripheral proteins play an active role in chromosome dynamics

The chromosome peripheral proteins play an active role in chromosome dynamics

The traffic of proteins between nucleolar organizer regions and prenucleolar bodies governs the assembly of the nucleolus at exit of mitosis

See the Unseen: Red‐Emissive Carbon Dots for Visualizing the Nucleolar Structures in Two Model Animals and In Vivo Drug Toxicity

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