Celiac Disease and Ischemic Heart Disease: What is the Link?

Mormile, Raffaella

doi:10.4172/2155-9899.1000173

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Atherosclerosis has been linked to myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke, with chronic inflammation being a likely pathogenic factor[ 18 ]. Untreated adults with CD are at increased risk of early atherosclerosis, as suggested by the presence of chronic inflammation, vascular impairment, unfavorable biochemical patterns[ 19 - 21 ], and relative lack of the classical risk factors.…”

Section: Publication Summary Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First-degree relatives of CD patients are also at an increased risk of ischemic heart disease, but the excess risk is slight[ 149 ]. CD and ischemic heart disease may share a common underlying link, rather than a cause-and-effect relationship[ 18 , 150 ]. The underlying association between CD and ischemic heart disease may be chronic inflammation, a major risk factor in the general population; however, potential confounders may also be involved[ 18 , 146 , 148 ].…”

Section: Publication Summary Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CD and ischemic heart disease may share a common underlying link, rather than a cause-and-effect relationship[ 18 , 150 ]. The underlying association between CD and ischemic heart disease may be chronic inflammation, a major risk factor in the general population; however, potential confounders may also be involved[ 18 , 146 , 148 ]. After onset of the GFD, persistent villous atrophy detected during follow-up biopsy was not associated with increased risk of ischemic heart disease[ 151 , 152 ].…”

Section: Publication Summary Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There can also be a positive association between CD and CVD risk due to ascertainment bias[ 175 ]. In CD children, risk factors can be frequently observed as compared with healthy subjects[ 18 ]. Overall, certain CVD risk factors have been found to be higher in CD youth as compared with the general population, although neither blood pressure nor overweight and obesity rates were increased[ 176 ].…”

Section: Publication Summary Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cardiovascular involvement in celiac disease

et al. 2017

WJC

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Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune response to ingestion of gluten protein, which is found in wheat, rye, and barley grains, and results in both small intestinal manifestations, including villous atrophy, as well as systemic manifestations. The main treatment for the disease is a gluten-free diet (GFD), which typically results in the restoration of the small intestinal villi, and restoration of other affected organ systems, to their normal functioning. In an increasing number of recently published studies, there has been great interest in the occurrence of alterations in the cardiovascular system in untreated CD. Herein, published studies in which CD and cardiovascular terms appear in the title of the study were reviewed. The publications were categorized into one of several types: (1) articles (including cohort and case-control studies); (2) reviews and meta-analyses; (3) case studies (one to three patient reports); (4) letters; (5) editorials; and (6) abstracts (used when no full-length work had been published). The studies were subdivided as either heart or vascular studies, and were further characterized by the particular condition that was evident in conjunction with CD. Publication information was determined using the Google Scholar search tool. For each publication, its type and year of publication were tabulated. Salient information from each article was then compiled. It was determined that there has been a sharp increase in the number of CD - cardiovascular studies since 2000. Most of the publications are either of the type “article” or “case study”. The largest number of documents published concerned CD in conjunction with cardiomyopathy (33 studies), and there have also been substantial numbers of studies published on CD and thrombosis (27), cardiovascular risk (17), atherosclerosis (13), stroke (12), arterial function (11), and ischemic heart disease (11). Based on the published research, it can be concluded that many types of cardiovascular issues can occur in untreated CD patients, but that most tend to resolve on a GFD, often in conjunction with the healing of small intestinal villous atrophy. However, in some cases the alterations are irreversible, underscoring the need for CD screening and treatment when cardiovascular issues arise of unknown etiology.

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Section: Publication Summary Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Publication Summary Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Publication Summary Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Publication Summary Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cardiovascular involvement in celiac disease

et al. 2017

WJC

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“…Chronic inflammatory states are associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease , and elevated cardiovascular risk has been observed in other auto‐immune conditions . The presence of gluten in the bowel and resultant chronic inflammation causes increased expression of interferon‐ γ and other cytokines in celiac disease, which are known to promote progression of atherosclerosis . Reduction of inflammation with a gluten‐free diet improves inflammatory markers and also markers of vascular impairment .…”

Section: Cardiovascular Disease In Patients With Celiac Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%