Ceftriaxone Therapy in Otolaryngological and Pulmonary Infections

Abstract

The efficacy of ceftriaxone, 1 g given intramuscularly once daily, was evaluated in 38 patients with pneumonia (n = 11), pulmonary empyema (n = 2), bronchitis (n = 4), tonsillitis (n = 9), sinusitis (n = 7), and otitis (n = 5). Causative organisms were Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 11), viridans type streptococcus (n = 1), Haemophilus influenzae (n = 6), group A streptococcus (n = 10), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 3), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 2), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 1), Escherichia coli (n = 2), Proteus mirabilis (n = 1), and Proteus vulgaris (n =1). Sterilization of infected foci was obtained in 89.4% of those treated, with clinical recovery in 86.8%. The ceftriaxone regimen was well tolerated.

Phlegmonous and Abscess-Forming ENT Infections: Comparative Efficacy of Ceftriaxone versus Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid

“…Fraschini et al [7] demonstrated the efficacy of cef triaxone (1 g/day for a mean duration of 7.4 days) in otorhinolaryngological and pulmonary infections. Their study included 38 patients and did not report any failure of ceftriaxone.…”

“…According to Fraschini et al [7], ceftriaxone adminis tered at 1 g/day may be better tolerated than at 2 g/day. This group of investigators observed 2 cases of diarrhea in a series of 38 patients (5.2%) after increasing the daily dose from 1 to 2 g in 1 patient, and after adding ticarcillin (2 g/day) in another patient.…”

“…The addition of clavu lanic acid increases the activity of amoxicillin against many strains of (3-lactamase-producing microorganisms, including many facultative and anaerobic bacilli, but oth ers like Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas are not in fluenced mases [4][5][6]. A unique characteristic of ceftriaxone is its exceptionally long half-life of 7-8 h [4,7,8], thus allowing an administration once a day. Owing to an excellent diffu sion into the sputum, the lung, the tonsils, the nasal mucosa and the middle ear, ceftriaxone achieves high lev els, exceeding MCIs of pathogens found in these regions [6], In otorhinolaryngology, ceftriaxone has been tested for the treatment of infections [4.…”

Verteilung von Ciprofloxacin zwischen Serum und gynäkologischen Geweben

“…Die Ofloxacin-Konzentrationen in gynä kologischen Geweben nach einer Gabe von entweder 100 mg 2mal täglich per os während 3 Tagen oder nach 1 maliger Gabe von 200 und 300 mg per os lagen in der gleichen Grössenordung wie die Serumkonzentrationen [4,9,11]. Auch die Norfloxacin-Konzentrationen in der Scheide, der Zervix, den Eileitern und im Ovar übersteigen nach 1 maliger Gabe von 400 mg per os die simultanen Serumkonzentrationen nicht [7], Obwohl die Serumkonzentration von Ofloxacin höher liegt als die von Ciprofloxacin, erreichten beide Substanzen vergleichbare Gewebekonzen trationen, da Ofloxacin im Gegensatz zu Ciprofloxacin eine schwache Gewebepenetration aufweist [1].…”

“…Die Gewebekonzentrationen von Norfloxacin hingegen werden im Bereich der entsprechenden Serumspiegel angegeben, d.h., das Penetrationsvermö gen von Norfloxacin ins Gewebe ist ebenfalls deutlich geringer als das von Ciprofloxacin [7], …”