Ceftriaxone Resistance and Genes Encoding Extended-Spectrum ^|^beta;-Lactamase among Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Species from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Karunakaran, Rina; Tay, Sun Tee; Rahim, Fairuz Fadzilah; Lim, Bee Bee; Sam, I‐Ching; Kahar-Bador, Maria; Hassan, Hamimah; Puthucheary, S. D.

doi:10.7883/yoken.65.433

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Sefalosporin generasi ketiga seperti seftriakson atau sefotak sim diindikasikan pada kasus demam tifoid yang resisten terhadap kloramfenikol. Strain yang re sisten pada umumnya rentan terhadap sefalosporin generasi ketiga dan juga untuk beberapa kasus yang resisten terhadap fluorokuinolon, seftriakson dianggap sensitif dan memiliki hasil yang baik jika digunakan sebagai terapi alternatif bersama dengan azitromisin dan sefiksim [8].…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Kloramfenikol Dan Seftriakson Untuk Pengobatan Demam Tifoid Pada Pasien Dewasa Di Rumah Sakit Sanglah Denpasar

Lorensia

Queljoe

Santi

2019

MPI

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Abstract The number of typhoid fever patient in Indonesia is still high. Typhoid fever can be treated by antibiotic therapy such as chloramphenicol and ceftriaxone. The purpose of This study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of chloramphenicol and ceftriaxone which was given to adult patients who were diagnosed with typhoid fever in Sanglah Denpasar Hospital. A comparative study between two alternatives was conducted using the hospital perspective. Retrospective method was used to collect data from patients medical records, who was diagnosed and hospitalized in Sanglah Denpasar Hospital during January 2017 until July 2018. The cost analysis was perform using ACER and ICER methods. The Results of ACER analysis for chloramphenicol was Rp.250.045,42 per day based on length of stay, and was Rp.742.867,51 per day based on the time of reaching normal temperature. Whereas for ceftriaxone the results of ACER analysis showed that it was Rp.491.140,72 per day based on length of stay, and was Rp.866.599,54 per day based on the time of reaching normal temperature. Meanwhile, the ICER value was Rp.77.024,09 per day based on length of stay and was Rp.449.307,19 per day based on the time of reaching normal temperature. The conclusion of this study is that ceftriaxone is more cost-effective than chloramphenicol. Keywords : Cost-effectiveness analysis; typhoid fever; chloramphenicol; ceftriaxone

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Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Kloramfenikol Dan Seftriakson Untuk Pengobatan Demam Tifoid Pada Pasien Dewasa Di Rumah Sakit Sanglah Denpasar

Lorensia

Queljoe

Santi

2019

MPI

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“…Other parts of the world also reported the prevalence of vancomycin resistance (Perichon and Courvalin, 2009;Reynolds et al, 2012;Jang et al, 2012). Similarly, the rate of non-susceptibility of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae to cephalosporins particularly ceftriaxone is increasing significantly (Karunakaran et al, 2012). In such scenerio, where cephalosporins and vancomycin are getting resistant individually, an unmet medical need to cater growing vancomycin resistance and to counter the toxins produced by MRSA is required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Toxin Induced Neutrophil Cell Lysis by Vancoplus in Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus Aureus</i> Infections

Chaudhary¹,

Patnaik²,

Payasi³

2014

American Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Pantone Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) is a cytotoxin associated with virulence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This study was undertaken to analyze the prevalence of PVL among MRSA strains and to study the effect of adjuvants (L-lysine, L-arginine, Ethylenediamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA) as well as drugs on PVL induced neutrophil cell lysis. Further, in vitro activity of Vancoplus, vancomycin, linezolid, teicoplanin and daptomycin against PVL positive MRSA strains was analyzed. A total of 67 Staphylococcus aureus strains collected were screened for the prevalence of methicillin resistance and PVL by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Effects of various adjuvants and drugs on PVL induced neutrophil cell lysis were studied by Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. Antibiotic susceptibility was conducted using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Our results showed that of 67 clinical isolates, 71.6% (48/67) isolates were confirmed to be MRSA. Of these MRSA strains, 75% (36/48) isolates were observed to be PVL positive. Pus swab (86.3%; 19/22) had more proportion of PVL than urine (75%; 6/8); sputum (70%; 7/10) and blood (50%; 4/4). When diverse adjuvants alone (L-lysine, Largine and EDTA) or in combinations were tested on PVL induced neutrophil cell lysis, 10 mM L-lysine alone and combinations of 10 mM L-lysine +10 mM EDTA and 100 mM L-arginine +10 mM EDTA produced the highest 78.7±7.1, 92.6±8.8 and 93.4±6.3%, respectively, inhibition of LDH activity (known marker of cell lysis). Further, when Vancoplus reconstituted with solvent produced 93.1±6.4% inhibition of LDH activity whereas other comparator drugs produced only 12.7±2.4 to 30.5±3.1% inhibition of LDH activity. Vancoplus appeared to be the most efficacious against 94.4% of the MRSA strains with MIC values 0.25 to 4 µg mL −1. The susceptibility of other drugs vancomycin, linezolid, teicoplanin and daptomycin against MRSA varied from 22.3 to 77.8% of isolates with MICs 0.5 to 32 µg mL −1. This study provides new insight into the prevalence of PVL toxins among MRSA. Results of this study showed that Vancoplus is the most active against MRSA and it additionally protects the neutrophil cells from PVL toxins and prevents from sequels of MRSA infections caused by these cytotoxins.

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“…Similarly, the rate of non-susceptibility of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains to cephalosporins particularly ceftriaxone is increasing significantly (Karunakaran et al, 2012). Several reports from India recorded the emergence of various degree of vancomycin resistance (Veer et al, 2010;Thati et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PREVALENCE OF HETEROGENEOUS GLYCOPEPTIDE INTERMEDIATE RESISTANCE IN METHICILLIN-RESISTANT <i>STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS</i>

Chaudhary¹

2013

American Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Multidrug resistant Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of nosocomial and community acquired infections and is on the rise. The aim of this investigation was to explore the prevalence of MRSA and heterogeneous Glycopeptide Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hGISA) in various clinical samples, to investigate the various antibiotic resistant determinant genes among these strains collected from north and west Indian hospitals and to evaluate the response of various drugs to these strains. A total of 413 clinical specimens collected from different hospitals were processed for the screening of S. aureus and MRSA. All the MRSA strains were further screened for hGISA on Mueller-Hinton agar containing 8 µg mL −1 teicoplanin or 6 µg mL −1 vancomycin. hGISA confirmed by the E-test method with a dense inoculum and a simplified method of population analysis. Susceptibility study was conducted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) methods. Among 211/413 S. aureus clinical isolates, 61.6% (130/211) of the isolates were confirmed to be MRSA which included maximum isolates from pus, blood, urine, wound swab and ear swab samples in decreasing order. hGISA strains were found in 8/130 (6.1%) isolates. Vancoplus, a novel antibiotic adjuvant entity was found to be susceptible in 96.1 to 97.8% MRSA strains and showed intermediate response in 2.2 to 3.8% of isolates. Linezolid appeared to be second most active antibiotic with 48.0 to 81.2% susceptibility, followed by teicoplanin (41.3 to 56.2% susceptibility). There was 8.7 to 9.6% resistance observed in Linezolid which was increased to 48% in teicoplanin, to >60% in daptomycin and >75% in vancomycin. Interestingly, none of the isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone and cefoperazone plus sulbactam. From the above study it can be concluded that prevelance of MRSA has reached a significant level and Vancoplus is the most effective drug in MRSA as well as hGISA organisms in comparison to comparator drugs.

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Ceftriaxone Resistance and Genes Encoding Extended-Spectrum ^|^beta;-Lactamase among Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Species from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Abstract: SUMMARY:The prevalence of ceftriaxone resistance and the associated genes encoding extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL) was determined in 149 non-duplicate non-typhoidal Salmonella isolated in

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Kloramfenikol Dan Seftriakson Untuk Pengobatan Demam Tifoid Pada Pasien Dewasa Di Rumah Sakit Sanglah Denpasar

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Kloramfenikol Dan Seftriakson Untuk Pengobatan Demam Tifoid Pada Pasien Dewasa Di Rumah Sakit Sanglah Denpasar

Inhibition of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Toxin Induced Neutrophil Cell Lysis by Vancoplus in Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus Aureus</i> Infections

PREVALENCE OF HETEROGENEOUS GLYCOPEPTIDE INTERMEDIATE RESISTANCE IN METHICILLIN-RESISTANT <i>STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS</i>

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