Cefepime versus ceftazidime for the treatment of serious bacterial infections

Addition of Fluoroquinolone Prophylaxis to a Blood and Marrow Transplant Unit to Reduce Gram-Negative Infections

“…1,2 Although nosocomial Gram-positive infections have increasingly occurred among patients with cancer, Gramnegative infections also remain a threat and are a cause of high morbidity among immune-compromised patients. [3][4][5] Cancer patients, with their prolonged hospital stays, numerous invasive procedures, intravascular catheters, and exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics not only are at increased risk for complicated infections but also create an ideal setting for resistant nosocomial organisms. 6,7 Of the more than 2 million nosocomial infections each year in the United States, an estimated 50% to 60% are resistant to some type of antimicrobial.…”

“…Resistance to ceftazidime, first identified in 1982, 20 has since been strongly linked with previous ceftazidime exposure. 5 As with P aeruginosa, plasmid-mediated resistance has also been attributed in part to clonal spread in Enterobacter species. 17 In a pediatric hospital in the Netherlands, 18 two major clones of Enterobacter were responsible for 36% of all colonization.…”

Choosing Optimal Antibiotics for the Treatment of Patients Infected With Enterobacteriaceae: A Network Meta-analysis and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

“…3,620 articles were excluded through preliminary screening, and the remaining 106 articles were chosen for full text reading. Finally, twenty-five RCTs of 15 antibiotics were selected out (Figure 1) (Sifuentes-Osornio et al, 1989;Preheima et al, 1995;Chang et al, 1998;Richard et al, 1998;Ponce-de-León et al, 1999;Jimenez-Cruz et al, 2002;Tomera et al, 2002;Erasmo et al, 2004;Wells et al, 2004;Klausner et al, 2007;Fomin et al, 2008;Naber et al, 2009;Ceran et al, 2010;Park et al, 2012;Vazquez et al, 2012;Solomkin et al, 2015;Wagenlehner et al, 2015;Carmeli et al, 2016;Mazuski et al, 2016;Wagenlehner et al, 2016;Qin et al, 2017;Seo et al, 2017;Harris et al, 2018;Kaye et al, 2018;Kaye et al, 2019).…”

“…The infection types of 25 RCTs were cIAI (n 4, 16%) (Erasmo et al, 2004;Solomkin et al, 2015;Mazuski et al, 2016;Qin et al, 2017), cUTI (n 17, 68%) (Preheima et al, 1995;Richard et al, 1998;Jimenez-Cruz et al, 2002;Tomera et al, 2002;Wells et al, 2004;Klausner et al, 2007;Fomin et al, 2008;Naber et al, 2009;Ceran et al, 2010;Park et al, 2012;Vazquez et al, 2012;Wagenlehner et al, 2015;Wagenlehner et al, 2016;Seo et al, 2017;Harris et al, 2018;Kaye et al, 2018;Kaye et al, 2019), mixed infection types (n 3, 12,5%) (Sifuentes- Osornio et al, 1989;Chang et al, 1998;Ponce-de-León et al, 1999) [the remaining RCT included both cIAI and cUTI patients (Carmeli et al, 2016)]. A total of 10,390 participants were involved in this study, and the main characteristics of each study were summarized in Supplementary Appendix Table S2 in Supplementary Appendix S3.…”

“…About half of the trials provided detailed procedures for sequence generation (15 RCTs, 60%) and allocation sequence concealment (14 RCTs, 56%). Five trials were open-label studies with high risks for performance bias and detection bias (Chang et al, 1998;Ponce-de-León et al, 1999;Erasmo et al, 2004;Seo et al, 2017;Harris et al, 2018). One trial was a single-blind experiment with high risks for performance bias (Ceran et al, 2010).…”