An upgrade cryomodule is being developed for CEBAF at Jefferson Lab. The high-gradient, low-current operation of the superconducting cavities puts stringent requirements on the accuracy of the frequency tuner: a resolution of 1Hz over a range of 400kHz. We have developed and tested such a tuner; it consists of a steppermotor-driven coarse tuner, operating in series with a piezo-actuator-driven fine tuner. Tuner test procedures and results are summarized, including frequency resolution, range, and linearity (i.e. frequency vs. tuner position), as well as microphonic effects resulting from tuner operation.
TUNER REQUIREMENTS AND SPECIFICATIONSThe tuning system has been divided into two parts: a coarse tuner with a range of +/-200kHz and resolution of 100Hz that is expected to be used infrequently, and a fine tuner with a range of +/-1kHz and resolution of 1Hz that will be used during normal operation [1].
Fig. 1: CEBAF Upgrade Tuner
MECHANICAL DESIGNThe fine tuner makes use of piezoelectric actuators for continuous small corrections to the cavity frequency. A stepping motor, via a harmonic drive reducer and ball screw, actuates the coarse tuner. In order to make them accessible for maintenance and repair, both systems are at ambient temperature, and are outside the vacuum enclosure. The tuning motion of the drive system enters the cryostat through two thin-wall concentric tubes (Items 1 & 2, Fig. 1). The tubes are connected to the upper and lower arms (Item 3 & 4, Fig. 1) of a scissors type jack. The axial motion of the tubes translates into a linear stroke parallel to the cavity center line [1]. To eliminate friction, motion within the vacuum is by flexing Ti plates.
PROTOTYPE TESTINGA prototype of the tuner, coupler, and cavity were tested at 2K in a Horizontal Test Bed (HTB) [2] constructed for this purpose. The cavity was locked to its resonant frequency with a phase locked loop (PLL). Tuner range and hysteresis (cavity frequency vs. tuner position, Fig. 2) were measured with a frequency counter. Tuner resolution (Fig. 3) was measured using a Cavity Resonance Monitor (CRM) instrument: a custom-built IQ demodulator which outputs a voltage proportional to the difference in frequency between the PLL and a reference LO (local oscillator). Test results are summarized in Table 1. Additionally, tests were performed on both tuners to analyze possible tuner-induced microphonics; these frequency shifts measured less than 0.3Hz peak. Finally, the dynamic response of the fine tuner was tested.
Coarse TunerThe stepper motor was driven using a micro-stepping indexer which drives the stepper motor in 1/125 fractions of a whole motor step (µstep). Simultaneously, the cavity frequency was measured with a frequency counter. The cavity was exercised over the operating range of the tuner. This range is bounded at one end by the requirement to operate the cavity in tension, and at the other end by tuner mechanical limits. Testing showed a range of 343.8kHz. The coarse tuner range was less than the 400kHz design specificati...