CdTe Solar Cells

Baines, Tom; Shalvey, Thomas P.; Major, Jonathan D.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811479-7.00010-5

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Its bandgap is approx. 1.5 eV, good light absorption of about 1 × 10 3 cm −1, and simple two-phase structure translate into more than 7% of the annual commercial market share [43]. The benefits of its use in PV cells are expressed in their high efficiency (22% in laboratory conditions, 18% for commercial ones), and easy of manufacturing [44].…”

Section: Thin Film Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selected Materials and Technologies for Electrical Energy Sector

et al. 2023

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Ensuring the energy transition in order to decrease CO2 and volatile organic compounds emissions and improve the efficiency of energy processes requires the development of advanced materials and technologies for the electrical energy sector. The article reviews superconducting materials, functional nanomaterials used in the power industry mainly due to their magnetic, electrical, optical, and dielectric properties and the thin layers of amorphous carbon nitride, which properties make them an important material from the point of view of environmental protection, optoelectronic, photovoltaic and energy storage. The superconductivity-based technologies, material processing, and thermal and nonthermal plasma generation have been reviewed as technologies that can be a solution to chosen problems in the electrical energy sector and environment. The study explains directly both—the basics and application potential of low and high-temperature superconductors as well as peculiarities of the related manufacturing technologies for Roebel cables, 1G and 2G HTS tapes, and superconductor coil systems. Among the superconducting materials, particular attention was paid to the magnesium di-boride MgB2 and its potential applications in the power industry. The benefits of the use of carbon films with amorphous structures in electronics, sensing technologies, solar cells, FETs, and memory devices were discussed. The article provides the information about most interesting, from the R&D point of view, groups of materials for PV applications. It summarises the advantages and disadvantages of their use regarding commercial requirements such as efficiency, lifetime, light absorption, impact on the environment, costs of production, and weather dependency. Silicon processing, inkjet printing, vacuum deposition, and evaporation technologies that allow obtaining improved and strengthened materials for solar cell manufacturing are also described. In the case of the widely developed plasma generation field, waste-to-hydrogen technology including both thermal and non-thermal plasma techniques has been discussed. The review aims to draw attention to the problems faced by the modern power industry and to encourage research in this area because many of these problems can only be solved within the framework of interdisciplinary and international cooperation.

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Section: Thin Film Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selected Materials and Technologies for Electrical Energy Sector

et al. 2023

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“…Cadmium telluride (CdTe) is an attractive candidate for hydrogen production via PEC water splitting due to its excellent optical absorption characteristics and band structure. − As a direct semiconductor with a band gap of 1.5 eV, CdTe exhibits a wide range absorption from ultraviolet to infrared sunlight (until 830 nm) and a high absorption coefficient of >10 4 cm –1 at the wavelengths smaller than 800 nm. , It has been extensively demonstrated that CdTe is an excellent absorbing material in the application of photovoltaic devices. − Since the pioneering work of Ohashi et al in 1977, , p -type CdTe as a photocathode for the PEC water splitting has also attracted much interest. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the CdTe-based multilayer photocathodes with the deposited noble metal platinum (Pt) as the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) co-catalyst exhibit an increased photocurrent and a significant shift of the onset potential. ,− It is reported that the Au/Cu/CdTe (CdCl 2 )/CdS/Pt photocathode has shown a remarkably high incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of >95% at 560–660 nm with an applied potential of 0 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (V RHE ) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 30 , 31 It has been extensively demonstrated that CdTe is an excellent absorbing material in the application of photovoltaic devices. 32 − 35 Since the pioneering work of Ohashi et al in 1977, 36 , 37 p -type CdTe as a photocathode for the PEC water splitting has also attracted much interest. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the CdTe-based multilayer photocathodes with the deposited noble metal platinum (Pt) as the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) co-catalyst exhibit an increased photocurrent and a significant shift of the onset potential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interface-Engineered Ni-Coated CdTe Heterojunction Photocathode for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution

Jian

Xie

Asim

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting for hydrogen production using the CdTe photocathode has attracted much interest due to its excellent sunlight absorption property and energy band structure. This work presents a study of engineered interfacial energetics of CdTe photocathodes by deposition of CdS, TiO 2 , and Ni layers. A heterostructure CdTe/CdS/TiO 2 /Ni photocathode was fabricated by depositing a 100-nm n-type CdS layer on a p-type CdTe surface, with 50 nm TiO 2 as a protective layer and a 10 nm Ni layer as a co-catalyst. The CdTe/CdS/TiO 2 / Ni photocathode exhibits a high photocurrent density (J ph ) of 8.16 mA/cm 2 at 0 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (V RHE ) and a positive-shifted onset potential (E onset ) of 0.70 V RHE for PEC hydrogen evolution under 100 mW/cm 2 AM1.5G illumination. We further demonstrate that the CdTe/CdS p−n junction promotes the separation of photogenerated carriers, the TiO 2 layer protects the electrode from corrosion, and the Ni catalyst improves the charge transfer across the electrode/electrolyte interface. This work provides new insights for designing noble metal-free photocathodes toward solar hydrogen development.

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“…Cadmium telluride (CdTe) is an important material for modern solid state technologies such as light emitting diodes [6], solar cells and photovoltaics [7,8]. Cadmium chalcogenides in the bulk form can crystallize in two phases, the cubic zinc-blende structure and/or hexagonal wurtzite structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Band Gap Engineering in Ultimately Thin Slabs of CdTe with Different Layer Stackings

Kuznetsov,

Gavrikov,

Kolobov

2023

Materials

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Ultrathin solid slabs often have properties different from those of the bulk phase. This effect can be observed both in traditional three-dimensional materials and in van der Waals (vdW) solids in the few monolayer limit. In the present work, the band gap variation of the CdTe slabs, induced by their thickness, was studied by the density functional theory (DFT) method for the sphalerite (zinc-blende) phase and for the recently proposed inverted phase. The sphalerite phase has the Te–Cd–Te–Cd atomic plane sequence, while in the inverted phase Cd atoms are sandwiched by Te planes forming vdW blocks with the sequence Te–Cd–Cd–Te. Based on these building blocks, a bulk vdW CdTe crystal was built, whose thermodynamical stability was verified by DFT calculations. Band structures and partial densities of states for sphalerite and inverted phases were calculated. It was demonstrated for both phases that using slabs with a thickness of one to several monolayers for sphalerite phase (vdW blocks for inverted phase), structures with band gaps varying in a wide range can be obtained. The presented results allow us to argue that ultrathin CdTe can be a promising electronic material.

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CdTe Solar Cells

Cited by 14 publications

References 61 publications

Selected Materials and Technologies for Electrical Energy Sector

Selected Materials and Technologies for Electrical Energy Sector

Interface-Engineered Ni-Coated CdTe Heterojunction Photocathode for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution

Band Gap Engineering in Ultimately Thin Slabs of CdTe with Different Layer Stackings

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