cDNA Sequence of a Protein Kinase from the Inducible Crassulacean Acid Metabolism Plant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L., Encoding a SNF-1 Homolog

Baur, Bernhard; Fischer, Karsten; Winter, Klaus; Dietz, Karl‐Josef

doi:10.1104/pp.106.3.1225

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The NPH1 protein is a PAS-containing photoreceptor in the pathway for blue-light phototropism (growth toward a light source) in Arabidopsis thaliana (103). The NPH1 homologs are found in other higher plants such as pea (138), spinach, and ice plant (20). NPH1 is a 120-kDa soluble protein that has two input PAS domains (also named LOV [103]), flavin mononucleotide, and a serine/threonine kinase output domain.…”

Section: Regulation Of Cell Functions In Eukaryotes Light Sensing In mentioning

confidence: 99%

PAS Domains: Internal Sensors of Oxygen, Redox Potential, and Light

Taylor

Zhulin

1999

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

1,463

761

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SUMMARY PAS domains are newly recognized signaling domains that are widely distributed in proteins from members of the Archaea and Bacteria and from fungi, plants, insects, and vertebrates. They function as input modules in proteins that sense oxygen, redox potential, light, and some other stimuli. Specificity in sensing arises, in part, from different cofactors that may be associated with the PAS fold. Transduction of redox signals may be a common mechanistic theme in many different PAS domains. PAS proteins are always located intracellularly but may monitor the external as well as the internal environment. One way in which prokaryotic PAS proteins sense the environment is by detecting changes in the electron transport system. This serves as an early warning system for any reduction in cellular energy levels. Human PAS proteins include hypoxia-inducible factors and voltage-sensitive ion channels; other PAS proteins are integral components of circadian clocks. Although PAS domains were only recently identified, the signaling functions with which they are associated have long been recognized as fundamental properties of living cells.

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Section: Regulation Of Cell Functions In Eukaryotes Light Sensing In mentioning

confidence: 99%

PAS Domains: Internal Sensors of Oxygen, Redox Potential, and Light

Taylor

Zhulin

1999

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

1,463

761

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“…These observations clearly indicate SnRK1 to be involved in sugar assimilation pathways in plants. Genes encoding SnRK2 proteins have been isolated, for example, from wheat (PKABA; Anderberg and Walker-Simmons 1992), Arabidopsis thaliana (ASK1, ASK2; Park et al 1993) and ice plants (MCPK9; Baur et al 1994). Their products have yet to be examined in detail, but PKABA was shown to mediate activation of genes whose expression is suppressed by abscisic acid in barley aleurone layers (Gomez-Cadenas et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two novel genes encoding SNF1-related protein kinases from Arabidopsis thaliana: differential accumulation of AtSR1 and AtSR2 transcripts in response to cytokinins and sugars, and phosphorylation of sucrose synthase by AtSR2

et al. 2001

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We searched for genes encoding members of the group-3 SNF1-related protein kinase (SnRK3) family in the Arabidopsis thaliana database, and seven independent sequences were identified. Transcripts of two of them were found to accumulate differentially upon treatment with light, cytokinins and sugars. Full-length cDNAs were isolated and designated as AtSR1 and AtSR2; they encode polypeptides of 442 and 429 amino acids with relative molecular masses of 50.3 kDa and 48.2 kDa, respectively. In etiolated seedlings, no transcripts of either gene were observed. However, upon exposure to light or cytokinins, transcripts of AtSR1 but not AtSR2 began to accumulate. The induction with light was greatly reduced in the presence of a cytokinin antagonist, suggesting that cytokinins are involved in light-signaling pathways. In contrast, transcription of AtSR2, but not of AtSR1, was greatly increased by sucrose, as well as glucose and fructose. AtSR2 expressed in E. coli efficiently phosphorylated sucrose synthase in the presence of manganese ions. These results suggest that, although SnRK3 proteins may generally be involved in sugar metabolism, expression of AtSR1 and AtSR2 is differentially and distinctly regulated by various external signals, and AtSR2 may function in the regulation of sucrose synthase by specific phosphorylation.

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“…Dissecting the specificity and possible cross-talk mechanisms for these pathways, however, will require characterization of the components of the signal transduction pathways themselves. MK9, a Ser/Thr protein kinase cDNA isolated from M. crystallinum (Baur et al, 1994) that shares similarity to an ABA-, dehydration-, cold-stress-, and osmotic-stressinducible protein kinase from wheat, may be one such component.…”

Section: Signal Transductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Genetics of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism

Cushman

Bohnert

1997

Plant Physiology

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Most higher plants assimilate atmospheric CO, through the C, pathway of photosynthesis using ribulose-l,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). However, when CO, availability is reduced by environmental stress conditions, the incomplete discrimination of CO, over O, by Rubisco leads to increased photorespiration, a process that reduces the efficiency of C, photosynthesis. To overcome the wasteful process of photorespiration, approximately 10% of higher plant species have evolved two alternate strategies for photosynthetic CO, assimilation, C, photosynthesis and Crassulacean acid metabolism. 60th of these biochemical pathways employ a "CO, pump" to elevate intracellular CO, concentrations in the vicinity of Rubisco, suppressing photorespiration and therefore improving the competitiveness of these plants under conditions of high light intensity, high temperature, or low water availability. This CO, pump consists of a primary carboxylating enzyme, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. In C, plants, this C0,-concentrating mechanism is achieved by the coordination of two carboxylating reactions that are spatially separated into mesophyll and bundle-sheath cell types (for review, see R.T. Furbank, W.C. Unlike C, and C, plants, CAM plants assimilate atmospheric CO, into C, acids predominantly at night and subsequently refix this CO, to the leve1 of carbohydrates during the following day (Fig. 1). To accomplish this nocturnal CO, uptake, stomata of CAM plants are opened at night and kept closed during most of the day. This strategy allows CO, uptake from the atmosphere to occur when evapotranspiration rates are low and permits daytime photosynthetic carbon fixation by the carbon reduction cycle to occur behind closed stomata, resulting in minimal water loss and reduced photorespiration. Thus, CAM plants ex-

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cDNA Sequence of a Protein Kinase from the Inducible Crassulacean Acid Metabolism Plant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L., Encoding a SNF-1 Homolog

Cited by 21 publications

References 3 publications

PAS Domains: Internal Sensors of Oxygen, Redox Potential, and Light

PAS Domains: Internal Sensors of Oxygen, Redox Potential, and Light

Two novel genes encoding SNF1-related protein kinases from Arabidopsis thaliana: differential accumulation of AtSR1 and AtSR2 transcripts in response to cytokinins and sugars, and phosphorylation of sucrose synthase by AtSR2

Molecular Genetics of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism

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