cDNA cloning and characterization of two barley peroxidase transcripts induced differentially by the powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe graminis

Thordal‐Christensen, Hans; Brandt, Jakob; Cho, Baik Ho; Rasmussen, Søren K.; Gregersen, Per L.; Smedegaard‐Petersen, V.; Collinge, David B.

doi:10.1016/0885-5765(92)90031-p

Cited by 97 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Peroxidase mRNA levels (Schweizer et al, 1989;Thordal-Christensen et al, 1992) and peroxidase (Kerby and Somerville, 1992) also increase in wheat and barley leaves following inoculation with powdery mildew. Peroxidase and H 2 O 2 have been implicated in the cross-linking reactions of cell-wall structural components, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the Hyp-rich glycoproteins (Varner and Lin, 1989;Bradley et al, 1992), and H 2 O 2 has been localized in cells undergoing lignificarion (Olson and Varner, 1993). The timing of peroxidase gene induction in barley leaves coincides with formation of papillae, cell-wall appositions, at the site of the primary germ tube and the appressorial germ tube of the powdery mildew fungus (Thordal-Christensen et al, 1992 gested that germin might have a role in blocking fungal invasion (Lane, 1994). Thus, to explain the accumulation of germin following powdery mildew infection of barley leaves, Zhang et al (1995) suggested that a possible function of germin is to generate H,O, that is utilized by peroxidases to provide a barrier to cell-wall degradation and fungal penetration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Germin Gene Expression Is Induced in Wheat Leaves by Powdery Mildew Infection

Hurkman

Tanaka

1996

Plant Physiology

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Cermin gene expression is induced in wheat (Triticum aestivumLGermin is an approximately 130-kD homopentameric protein comprising subunits of approximately 26 kD (McCubbin et al., 1987) that increases significantly in the embryos of cereal seeds during germination (Grzelczak and Lane, 1984) and has been identified as an oxalate oxidase (Lane et al., 1993). Oxalate oxidase (oxa1ate:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.2.3.4) catalyzes the oxidation of oxalate by molecular oxygen, yielding CO, and H,O,. Because germin is localized in cell walls in wheat embryos (Lane et al., 1992) and H,O, is utilized by peroxidases in the oxidative cross-linking of cell-wall polymers (Olson and Varner, 1993), germin was postulated to have a role in initiation and termination of wall expansion (Lane, 1994). In addition to this developmental role in cereals, germin responds to environmental stress. In roots of barley seedlings, germin synthesis increases transiently during salt shock and accumulates when seedlings are grown on nutrient solution containing salt (Hurkman et al., 1991). An mRNA in the halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum that is related to germin also responds to salt stress but decreases during salt treatment (Michalowski and Bohnert, 1992). The spherulins, which are related to germin, are putative cellwall proteins in the slime mold Physarum polycephalum that increase during spherulation, a process brought on by var-* Corresponding author; e-mail whurkman@pw.usda.gov; fax 1-510 -559 -5777.ious environmental stresses, including drought (Lane et al., 1991).A possible role for germin in plant defense, the resistance of wheat to rust infection, was mentioned (Lane et al., 1986) long before germin was shown to have oxalate oxidase activity (Lane et al., 1993). When germin was found to have oxalate oxidase activity, it was suggested (Lane, 1994) that the likely molecular basis for this resistance was the H,O,-directed signaling and lignification processes allied with PR responses (Aposto1 et al., 1989). Recently, Dumas et al. (1995) and Zhang et al. (1995), independently, provided experimental support for these views by showing that germin-like oxalate oxidase activity increases in barley leaves following infection with powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei). In this paper we extend these studies to wheat leaves infected with powdery mildew (E. graminis f. sp. tritici) and report the induction of germin gene expression as well as the accumulation of germin and an accompanying increase in oxalate oxidase activity. We also demonstrate that the induction of germin gene expression by powdery mildew infection occurs in both relatively resistant and sensitive wheat cultivars. MATERIALS A N D METHODSFor initial experiments, wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Cheyenne) seeds were sown over moist sand in glass crystallizing dishes (approximately 60 seeds/ 190-x 100-mm dish), and the covered dishes were placed in a 4°C cold room with continuous light for 8 weeks. The vernalized plants were transplanted into potting mixture and tran...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Germin Gene Expression Is Induced in Wheat Leaves by Powdery Mildew Infection

Hurkman

Tanaka

1996

Plant Physiology

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“…chitinases and β-1,3-glucanases) may be effective in inhibiting pathogen growth, multiplication and/or spread (Van Loon and Van Strien, 1999). Others like PR-9 proteins (with peroxidase activity) are enzymes with possible implications in the oxidative cross-linking of plant cell wall components to prevent the pathogen from penetrating (Thordal-Christensen et al, 1992). Furthermore, oxalate oxidase and some chitinases are PR proteins that have been suggested to be involved in the release of chemical signals, from fungal cell walls that will act as elicitors of other plant-defence responses (Schlumbaum et al, 1986;Ryan, 1987;Lawrence et al, 2000).…”

Section: Induced Defencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coffee resistance to the main diseases: leaf rust and coffee berry disease

Silva

Várzea

Guerra‐Guimarães

et al. 2006

Braz. J. Plant Physiol.

186

147

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Considerable success has been obtained in the use of classical breeding to control economically important plant diseases, such as the coffee leaf rust and the coffee berry disease (CBD). There is a strong consensus that growing genetically resistant varieties is the most appropriate cost effective means of managing plant diseases and is one of the key components of crop improvement. It has also been recognized that a better knowledge of both, the pathogens and the plant defence mechanisms will allow the development of novel approaches to enhance the durability of resistance. After a brief description of concepts in the field of plant disease resistance, we attempt to give a view of the research progress on coffee leaf rust and CBD concerned with the pathogens infection and variability, coffee breeding for resistance and coffee resistance mechanisms. Key words: Coffea, Colletotrichum kahawae, Hemileia vastatrix, coffee breeding, resistance.Resistência do cafeeiro para suas principais doenças: ferrugem alaranjada das folhas e antracnose dos frutos: Sucesso considerável tem sido obtido no uso do melhoramento clássico para o controle de doenças de plantas economicamente importantes, tais como a ferrugem alaranjada das folhas e a antracnose dos frutos do cafeeiro (CBD). Há um grande consenso de que o uso de plantas geneticamente resistentes é o meio mais apropriado e eficaz em termos de custos do controle das doenças das plantas, sendo também um dos elementos chave do melhoramento da produção agrícola. Tem sido também reconhecido que um melhor conhecimento do agente patogênico e dos mecanismos de defesa das plantas permitirá o desenvolvimento de novas abordagens no sentido de aumentar a durabilidade da resistência. Após uma breve descrição de conceitos na área da resistência das plantas às doenças, nesta revisão tentou-se dar uma idéia do progresso na investigação da ferrugem alaranjada do cafeeiro e do CBD relativamente ao processo de infecção e variabilidade dos agentes patogênicos, melhoramento do cafeeiro para a resistência e mecanismos de resistência do cafeeiro. Palavras-chave: Coffea, Colletotrichum kahawae, Hemileia vastatrix, melhoramento do cafeeiro, resistência.

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“…Hybridizations were performed according to Bryngelsson et al . (1994) using probes for two defence-associated transcripts, peroxidase (pBH6-301; Thordal-Christensen et al , 1992) and chitinase (pHvCht2a; Gregersen et al , 1997). The final wash was performed at high stringency, 1 × SSC, 0·1% SDS.…”

Section: Northern Blot Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms involved in control of Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei in barley treated with mycelial extracts from cultured fungi

2002

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Treatment with mycelial extracts, prepared from liquid cultures of Bipolaris oryzae , Pythium ultimum and Rhizopus stolonifer , protected barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) against powdery mildew disease caused by the fungus Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei . The mechanisms of this protection were studied using histopathological methods and molecular analysis. Germination and appressorial formation of B. graminis were generally reduced after treatment with mycelial extracts. Although this reduction (between 12 and 62% depending on treatment and experiment) was inconsistent and only occasionally significantly different from the water-treated control, it indicated a direct antifungal effect of the extracts. In situations where the fungus succeeded in forming an appressorium, penetration efficiency and haustorium formation from these appressoria was not affected -no enhanced penetration resistance associated with papilla formation was detected. However, a post-penetration effect was observed, as B. graminis colonies on mycelial extracttreated leaves produced 50% fewer hyphae than on controls. Northern blot analyses showed earlier accumulation of defence-related gene transcripts following treatment with B. oryzae and P. ultimum mycelial extracts, and to a lesser extent R. stolonifer mycelial extract, compared with water-treated leaves. It is suggested that the protection mechanism of the mycelial extracts involves direct antifungal effects and possible induced resistance for the B. oryzae and P. ultimum mycelial extracts.

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cDNA cloning and characterization of two barley peroxidase transcripts induced differentially by the powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe graminis

Cited by 97 publications

References 37 publications

Germin Gene Expression Is Induced in Wheat Leaves by Powdery Mildew Infection

Germin Gene Expression Is Induced in Wheat Leaves by Powdery Mildew Infection

Coffee resistance to the main diseases: leaf rust and coffee berry disease

Mechanisms involved in control of Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei in barley treated with mycelial extracts from cultured fungi

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