CDCA3 Is a Novel Prognostic Biomarker Associated with Immune Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Abstract

Cell division cycle-associated protein-3 (CDCA3) contributes to the regulation of the cell cycle. CDCA3 plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of various cancers; however, the association between CDCA3 expression, prognosis of patients, and immune infiltration in the tumor microenvironment is still unknown. Here, we demonstrated that CDCA3 was differentially expressed between the tumor tissues and corresponding normal tissues using in silico analysis in the ONCOMINE and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) databases. We analyzed the relationship between the expression of CDCA3 and prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using the Kaplan–Meier plotter database and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). Furthermore, we determined the prognostic value of CDCA3 expression using univariate and multivariate analyses. We observed that CDCA3 expression closely correlated with immune infiltration and gene markers of infiltrating immune cells in the TIMER database. CDCA3 was highly expressed in the tumor tissues than in the adjacent normal tissues in various cancers, including HCC. Increased expression of CDCA3 was accompanied by poorer overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and disease-specific survival (DSS). The correlation between CDCA3 expression and OS and disease-free survival (DFS) was also studied using GEPIA. CDCA3 expression was associated with the levels of immune cell infiltration and was positively correlated with tumor purity. Moreover, CDCA3 expression was associated with gene markers such as PD-1, CTLA4, LAG3, and TIM-3 from exhausted T cells, CD3D, CD3E, and CD2 from T cells, and TGFB1 and CCR8 located on the surface of Tregs. Thus, we demonstrated that CDCA3 may be a potential target and biomarker for the management and diagnosis of HCC.

Single-Cell Sequencing Unveils the Heterogeneity of Nonimmune Cells in Chronic Apical Periodontitis

“…The “Cell Ranger” tool was used to define the cellular identity of each cluster ( Patel, 2018 ). We selected the marker genes from the published literature to identify the four types of immune cells, such as CD79A and CD27 for B cells ( Mason et al, 1995 ; Agematsu et al, 2000 ), TRAC, NKG7, and CD3D for T cells ( Ng et al, 2020 ; Stadtmauer et al, 2020 ; Wang Z. et al, 2021 ), CD14 and CD68 for monocytes ( Wright et al, 1990 ; Iqbal et al, 2014 ), and TPSB2, TPSAB1 and CPA3 for mast cells ( Alnaeeli et al, 2006 ; Merluzzi et al, 2015 ; Finlin et al, 2017 ; Wilcock et al, 2019 ). Moreover, we recognized the four types of nonimmune cells by multiple canonical marker genes, for example, OMD, COL1A1, and TNFRSF11B for osteocytes ( Lee et al, 2006 ; Baniwal et al, 2012 ; Prideaux et al, 2014 ; Kartha et al, 2016 ); ODAM (odontogenesis), KRT19, and KRT14 for epithelial cells ( Nozato et al, 2013 ; Cunha et al, 2017 ; Springer et al, 2019 ); BCAM, RGS5, and TAGLN for basal/stromal cells ( Mitchell et al, 2008 ; Yu et al, 2013 ; Elsafadi et al, 2016 ); and ACKR1, VWF, and CDH5 for endothelial cells ( Sumpio et al, 2002 ; Diacovo, 2007 ; Sauteur et al, 2014 ) ( Figures 1E–G and Supplementary Figure S5 ).…”

ATG16L1 is a Potential Prognostic Biomarker and Immune Signature for Osteosarcoma: A Study Based on Bulk RNA and Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing

“…Similarly, the data of T cells were extracted to perform UMAP analysis to obtain 3 cell clusters ( Figure 8D ), which were annotated by marker genes. The cell types and marker genes included CD8 + T cells (CD3E, CD3G, CD8A, CD8B), 36 , 37 Tregs (CTLA4, TIGIT, CD4) 38 and T cells (CD3D, LAG3) 39 ( Figure 8E ). Then, CD8 + T cells were divided into the ATG16L1 + and ATG16L1 – groups.…”

A Panel of E2F Target Gene Signature Predicting the Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

“…Overexpressed KIF4A facilitate cell proliferation, colony formation, and growth rate of HCC cells ( Hu et al, 2019 ). Elevated expression of CDCA3 may affect the carcinogenic process of HCC by influencing the cell cycles, which was associated with poor OS, RFS, PFS and DSS ( Zhihuai Wang et al, 2021 ). Advanced HCC patients had higher CDCA8 expression than patients with early HCC.…”